https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13259-7
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Inverse distance ladder method for determining 
from angular diameter distances of time-delay lenses and supernova observations
1
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, 434023, Jingzhou, China
2
Department of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, Hunan, China
b
liutongh@yangtzeu.edu.cn
c
jcwang@hunnu.edu.cn
Received:
15
April
2024
Accepted:
18
August
2024
Published online:
30
August
2024
Time-delay measurements from strong lensing systems combined with spectroscopic measurements of stellar kinematics in deflecting galaxies provide a natural way to infer absolute distances (lensing distances). This means that it can be used to anchor the relative distances of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), and further infer the Hubble constant in a cosmological model-independent way, while avoiding the assumptions of curvature and the equation of state of dark energy. Indeed, observations based on gravitational lensing time delays can measure directly, but usually require assumptions about the specific cosmological models. Meanwhile, this method suffers the mass-sheet degeneracy obstacle. These factors may induce the bias on determination of . However, the inverse distance ladder method we use avoids these assumptions altogether. In this study, we seek for the Pantheon and Pantheon plus datasets and use Gaussian process regression to reconstruct the unanchored distance to match the distance at the redshift of the lens to determine , respectively. Based on the four H0LiCOW lenses, the unanchored distances reconstructed by combining the Pantheon and Pantheon plus datasets yielded 
and 
with 
observational uncertainty, respectively. All the lenses show the measured is in good agreement with the local measurement results reported by the SH0ES collaboration within 
confidence level.
© The Author(s) 2024
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Funded by SCOAP3.
