https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-08925-z
Regular Article – Theoretical Physics
Measurements of 
and reconstruction of the dark energy properties from a model-independent joint analysis
1
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
2
Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, 136119, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
3
Department of Mathematics, BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus, 333031, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
4
Divisão de Astrofísica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Avenida dos Astronautas 1758, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Received:
23
December
2020
Accepted:
26
January
2021
Published online:
5
February
2021
Gaussian processes (GP) provide an elegant and model-independent method for extracting cosmological information from the observational data. In this work, we employ GP to perform a joint analysis by using the geometrical cosmological probes such as Supernova Type Ia (SN), Cosmic chronometers (CC), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and the H0LiCOW lenses sample to constrain the Hubble constant , and reconstruct some properties of dark energy (DE), viz., the equation of state parameter w, the sound speed of DE perturbations 
, and the ratio of DE density evolution 
. From the joint analysis SN+CC+BAO+H0LiCOW, we find that is constrained at 1.1% precision with 
, which is in agreement with SH0ES and H0LiCOW estimates, but in 
tension with the current CMB measurements of . With regard to the DE parameters, we find 
at 
at high z, and the possibility of X to become negative for 
. We compare our results with the ones obtained in the literature, and discuss the consequences of our main results on the DE theoretical framework.
© The Author(s) 2021
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Funded by SCOAP3
