Eur. Phys. J. C (2022) 82: 618
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10549-w

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC

¹ Abilene Christian University, 79601, Abilene, TX, USA
² University of Albany, SUNY, 12222, Albany, NY, USA
³ University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁴ Antalya Bilim University, 07190, Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
⁵ University of Antananarivo, 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
⁶ Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
⁷ Argonne National Laboratory, 60439, Argonne, IL, USA
⁸ University of Arizona, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA
⁹ Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
¹⁰ University of Athens, 157 84, Zografou, Greece
¹¹ Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
¹² Augustana University, 57197, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
¹³ Banaras Hindu University, 221 005, Varanasi, India
¹⁴ University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
¹⁵ University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
¹⁶ Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁷ University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
¹⁸ Università del Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
¹⁹ Boston University, 02215, Boston, MA, USA
²⁰ University of Bristol, BS8 1TL, Bristol, UK
²¹ Brookhaven National Laboratory, 11973, Upton, NY, USA
²² University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
²³ University of California Berkeley, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
²⁴ University of California Davis, 95616, Davis, CA, USA
²⁵ University of California Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
²⁶ University of California Los Angeles, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
²⁷ University of California Riverside, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA
²⁸ University of California Santa Barbara, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
²⁹ California Institute of Technology, 91125, Pasadena, CA, USA
³⁰ University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
³¹ Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
³² Università di Catania, 2, 95131, Catania, Italy
³³ Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
³⁴ Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
³⁵ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
³⁶ CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211, Meyrin, Switzerland
³⁷ Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
³⁸ University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
³⁹ Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, South Korea
⁴⁰ CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
⁴¹ University of Cincinnati, 45221, Cincinnati, OH, USA
⁴² Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
⁴³ Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
⁴⁴ University of Colorado Boulder, 80309, Boulder, CO, USA
⁴⁵ Colorado State University, 80523, Fort Collins, CO, USA
⁴⁶ Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
⁴⁷ Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Amarais, CEP 13069-901, Campinas, SP, Brazil
⁴⁸ Central University of South Bihar, 824236, Gaya, India
⁴⁹ Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
⁵⁰ Czech Technical University, 115 19, Prague 1, Czech Republic
⁵¹ Dakota State University, 57042, Madison, SD, USA
⁵² University of Dallas, 75062-4736, Irving, TX, USA
⁵³ Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000, Annecy, France
⁵⁴ Daresbury Laboratory, WA4 4AD, Cheshire, UK
⁵⁵ Drexel University, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
⁵⁶ Duke University, 27708, Durham, NC, USA
⁵⁷ Durham University, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
⁵⁸ University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, Edinburgh, UK
⁵⁹ Universidad EIA, Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia
⁶⁰ ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
⁶¹ Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
⁶² Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37715-400, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
⁶³ Universidade Federal de Goias, 74690-900, Goiania, GO, Brazil
⁶⁴ Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13604-900, Araras, SP, Brazil
⁶⁵ Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
⁶⁶ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
⁶⁷ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 60510, Batavia, IL, USA
⁶⁸ University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
⁶⁹ University of Florida, 32611-8440, Gainesville, FL, USA
⁷⁰ Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, 24220-900, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
⁷¹ Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
⁷² Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
⁷³ University of Granada & CAFPE, 18002, Granada, Spain
⁷⁴ Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
⁷⁵ Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ, Italy
⁷⁶ University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000, Grenoble, France
⁷⁷ Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000, Guanajuato, Mexico
⁷⁸ Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, 211 019, Allahabad, India
⁷⁹ Harvard University, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
⁸⁰ University of Hawaii, 96822, Honolulu, HI, USA
⁸¹ University of Houston, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
⁸² University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, 500 046, Hyderabad, India
⁸³ Idaho State University, 83209, Pocatello, ID, USA
⁸⁴ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
⁸⁵ Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
⁸⁶ Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
⁸⁷ Illinois Institute of Technology, 60616, Chicago, IL, USA
⁸⁸ Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, SW7 2BZ, London, UK
⁸⁹ Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781 039, Guwahati, India
⁹⁰ Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285, Hyderabad, India
⁹¹ Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA
⁹² Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127, Bologna, BO, Italy
⁹³ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
⁹⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
⁹⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146, Genoa, GE, Italy
⁹⁶ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100, Lecce, Italy
⁹⁷ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126, Milan, Italy
⁹⁸ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
⁹⁹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126, Naples, Italy
¹⁰⁰ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
¹⁰¹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
¹⁰² Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123, Catania, Italy
¹⁰³ Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima 25, Peru
¹⁰⁴ Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312, Moscow, Russia
¹⁰⁵ University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
¹⁰⁶ University of Iowa, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA
¹⁰⁷ Iowa State University, 50011, Ames, IA, USA
¹⁰⁸ Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
¹⁰⁹ Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
¹¹⁰ Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
¹¹¹ Iwate University, 020-8551, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
¹¹² University of Jammu, 180006, Jammu, India
¹¹³ Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, New Delhi, India
¹¹⁴ Jeonbuk National University, 54896, Jeonrabuk-do, South Korea
¹¹⁵ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
¹¹⁶ University of Jyvaskyla, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
¹¹⁷ Kansas State University, 66506, Manhattan, KS, USA
¹¹⁸ Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, 277-8583, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
¹¹⁹ High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 305-0801, Ibaraki, Japan
¹²⁰ Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, 34141, Daejeon, South Korea
¹²¹ K L University, 522502, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
¹²² National Institute of Technology, Kure College, 737-8506, Hiroshima, Japan
¹²³ Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
¹²⁴ Lancaster University, LA1 4YB, Lancaster, UK
¹²⁵ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
¹²⁶ Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
¹²⁷ University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE, Liverpool, UK
¹²⁸ Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, NM, USA
¹²⁹ Louisiana State University, 70803, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
¹³⁰ University of Lucknow, 226007, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
¹³¹ Madrid Autonoma University and IFT UAM/CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
¹³² Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55122, Mainz, Germany
¹³³ University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
¹³⁴ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA
¹³⁵ Max-Planck-Institut, 80805, Munich, Germany
¹³⁶ University of Medellín, 050026, Medellín, Colombia
¹³⁷ University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
¹³⁸ Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA
¹³⁹ Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
¹⁴⁰ Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
¹⁴¹ University of Minnesota Duluth, 55812, Duluth, MN, USA
¹⁴² University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA
¹⁴³ University of Mississippi, 38677, University, MS, USA
¹⁴⁴ University of New Mexico, 87131, Albuquerque, NM, USA
¹⁴⁵ H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
¹⁴⁶ Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
¹⁴⁷ University of North Dakota, 58202-8357, Grand Forks, ND, USA
¹⁴⁸ Northern Illinois University, 60115, DeKalb, IL, USA
¹⁴⁹ Northwestern University, 60208, Evanston, IL, USA
¹⁵⁰ University of Notre Dame, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA
¹⁵¹ Occidental College, 90041, Los Angeles, CA, USA
¹⁵² Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
¹⁵³ Oregon State University, 97331, Corvallis, OR, USA
¹⁵⁴ University of Oxford, OX1 3RH, Oxford, UK
¹⁵⁵ Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 99352, Richland, WA, USA
¹⁵⁶ Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
¹⁵⁷ Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, U.T., India
¹⁵⁸ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
¹⁵⁹ Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006, Paris, France
¹⁶⁰ University of Parma, 43121, Parma, PR, Italy
¹⁶¹ Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, PV, Italy
¹⁶² University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
¹⁶³ Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA
¹⁶⁴ Physical Research Laboratory, 380 009, Ahmedabad, India
¹⁶⁵ Università di Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
¹⁶⁶ University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
¹⁶⁷ Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
¹⁶⁸ University of Puerto Rico, 00681, Mayaguez, PR, USA
¹⁶⁹ Punjab Agricultural University, 141004, Ludhiana, India
¹⁷⁰ Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, London, UK
¹⁷¹ Radboud University, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
¹⁷² University of Rochester, 14627, Rochester, NY, USA
¹⁷³ Royal Holloway College, TW20 0EX, London, UK
¹⁷⁴ Rutgers University, 08854, Piscataway, NJ, USA
¹⁷⁵ STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX, Didcot, UK
¹⁷⁶ Università del Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
¹⁷⁷ San Jose State University, 95192-0106, San José, CA, USA
¹⁷⁸ Universidad Sergio Arboleda, 11022, Bogotá, Colombia
¹⁷⁹ University of Sheffield, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK
¹⁸⁰ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 94025, Menlo Park, CA, USA
¹⁸¹ University of South Carolina, 29208, Columbia, SC, USA
¹⁸² South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 57701, Rapid City, SD, USA
¹⁸³ South Dakota State University, 57007, Brookings, SD, USA
¹⁸⁴ Southern Methodist University, 75275, Dallas, TX, USA
¹⁸⁵ Stony Brook University, SUNY, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA
¹⁸⁶ Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
¹⁸⁷ Sanford Underground Research Facility, 57754, Lead, SD, USA
¹⁸⁸ University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, UK
¹⁸⁹ Syracuse University, 13244, Syracuse, NY, USA
¹⁹⁰ Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
¹⁹¹ Texas A &M University, 77840, College Station, USA
¹⁹² Texas A &M University-Corpus Christi, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
¹⁹³ University of Texas at Arlington, 76019, Arlington, TX, USA
¹⁹⁴ University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
¹⁹⁵ University of Toronto, M5S 1A1, Toronto, ON, Canada
¹⁹⁶ Tufts University, 02155, Medford, MA, USA
¹⁹⁷ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil
¹⁹⁸ Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 689-798, Ulsan, South Korea
¹⁹⁹ University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
²⁰⁰ Valley City State University, 58072, Valley City, ND, USA
²⁰¹ Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 700 064, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
²⁰² Virginia Tech, 24060, Blacksburg, VA, USA
²⁰³ University of Warsaw, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
²⁰⁴ University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
²⁰⁵ Wellesley College, 02481, Wellesley, MA, USA
²⁰⁶ Wichita State University, 67260, Wichita, KS, USA
²⁰⁷ College of William and Mary, 23187, Williamsburg, VA, USA
²⁰⁸ University of Wisconsin Madison, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
²⁰⁹ Yale University, 06520, New Haven, CT, USA
²¹⁰ Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036, Yerevan, Armenia
²¹¹ York University, M3J 1P3, Toronto, Canada

^kf clara.cuesta@ciemat.es

Received: 31 March 2022
Accepted: 24 June 2022
Published online: 16 July 2022

Abstract

DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6  6  6 m liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019–2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.