https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7629-z
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Dependence of atmospheric muon flux on seawater depth measured with the first KM3NeT detection units
The KM3NeT Collaboration
1
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
2
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
3
INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
4
Laboratori d’Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avda. Rambla Exposició, s/n, 08800, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain
5
NCSR Demokritos, Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 15310, Athens, Greece
6
INFN, Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genoa, Italy
7
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
8
Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de las Zonas Costeras, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf, 1, 46730, Gandia, Spain
9
APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/IRFU, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205, Paris, France
10
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia ed. G, 80126, Naples, Italy
11
Dip. Scienze Fisiche “E. Pancini”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cintia ed. G, 80126, Naples, Italy
12
Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, PO Box 41882, 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
13
KVI-CART University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
14
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123, Catania, Italy
15
INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
16
Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, R.P. 10000, Rabat, Morocco
17
Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed I, BV Mohammed VI, B.P. 717, R.P. 60000, Oujda, Morocco
18
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Salerno e INFN Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
19
ISS, Atomistilor 409, 077125, Măgurele, Romania
20
Institute of Physics/IHEF, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94216, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
21
TNO, Technical Sciences, PO Box 155, 2600 AD, Delft, The Netherlands
22
Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Viale Lincoln 5, 81100, Caserta, Italy
23
IFIC-Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de València), c/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
24
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
25
Physics Department, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. My Abdellah, P.O.B. 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
26
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
27
INFN, LNF, Via Enrico Fermi, 40, 00044, Frascati, Italy
28
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
29
INFN, Sezione di Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy
30
Subatech, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3-CNRS, 4 Rue Alfred Kastler-La Chantrerie, BP 20722, 44307, Nantes, France
31
University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, 70126, Bari, Italy
32
Department of Computer Architecture and Technology/CITIC, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
33
Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genoa, Italy
34
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
35
University Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
36
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
37
Università di Pisa, DIMNP, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122, Pisa, Italy
38
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, 23 Rue du Loess, 67037, Strasbourg, France
39
NIOZ (Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research) and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, Den Burg, 1790 AB, Texel, The Netherlands
40
Curtin Institute of Radio Astronomy, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
41
National Centre for Nuclear Research, 00-681, Warsaw, Poland
42
Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
43
Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos & C.A.F.P.E., University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
44
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
45
Department Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
46
Department of Physics, Tbilisi State University, 3, Chavchavadze Ave., 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia
47
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Sand 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
48
Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, PO Box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands
49
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Remeis Sternwarte, Sternwartstraße 7, 96049, Bamberg, Germany
50
Gran Sasso Science Institute, GSSI, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
51
University of Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 9, 48149, Münster, Germany
52
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Utrecht University, PO Box 80000, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
53
Accademia Navale di Livorno, Viale Italia 72, 57100, Leghorn, Italy
54
INFN, CNAF, v.le C. Berti-Pichat, 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
* e-mail: simone.biagi@infn.it
** e-mail: lincetto@cppm.in2p3.fr
*** e-mail: kmelis@nikhef.nl
Received:
7
June
2019
Accepted:
8
January
2020
Published online:
6
February
2020
KM3NeT is a research infrastructure located in the Mediterranean Sea, that will consist of two deep-sea Cherenkov neutrino detectors. With one detector (ARCA), the KM3NeT Collaboration aims at identifying and studying TeV–PeV astrophysical neutrino sources. With the other detector (ORCA), the neutrino mass ordering will be determined by studying GeV-scale atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The first KM3NeT detection units were deployed at the Italian and French sites between 2015 and 2017. In this paper, a description of the detector is presented, together with a summary of the procedures used to calibrate the detector in-situ. Finally, the measurement of the atmospheric muon flux between 2232–3386 m seawater depth is obtained.
© The Author(s), 2020