https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6132-2
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Long-term monitoring of the ANTARES optical module efficiencies using
decays in sea water
The ANTARES Collaboration
1
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
2
Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Technical University of Catalonia, Rambla Exposició, 08800, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
3
INFN - Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
4
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
5
Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Paranimf 1, 46730, Gandia, Spain
6
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
7
APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
8
IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València), c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
9
LAM - Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie 38, 13388, Marseille Cedex 13, France
10
National Center for Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques, B.P.1382, 10001, Rabat, Morocco
11
INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Via S. Sofia 62, 95123, Catania, Italy
12
Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
13
Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
14
Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V in Rabat, B.P. 1014, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, 10000, Rabat, Morocco
15
Institute of Space Science, 077125, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
16
Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 105, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
17
INFN - Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
18
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
19
Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, 00167, L’Aquila, Italy
20
LPHEA, Faculty of Science - Semlali, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O.B. 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
21
INFN - Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
22
INFN - Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
23
Department of Computer Architecture and Technology/CITIC, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
24
Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
25
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
26
Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
27
Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000, Oujda, Morocco
28
Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
29
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
30
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
31
LIS, UMR Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, 83041, Toulon, France
32
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ, ’t Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands
33
Institut Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris, France
34
Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049, Bamberg, Germany
35
Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie gory, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
36
Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix-Marseille University, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
37
Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS-INSU/IRD, UM 110, 83957, La Garde Cedex, France
38
Institut universitaire de technologie de Colmar, GRPHE - Université de Haute Alsace, 34 rue du Grillenbreit, BP 50568, 68008, Colmar, France
39
INFN - Sezione di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
40
Direction des Sciences de la Matière - Institut de recherche sur les lois fondamentales de l’Univers - Service de Physique des Particules, CEA Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
41
INFN - Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
42
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
43
INFN - Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
44
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy
45
Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos and C.A.F.P.E, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
* e-mail: salvadori@cppm.in2p3.fr
Received:
23
May
2018
Accepted:
3
August
2018
Published online:
22
August
2018
Cherenkov light induced by radioactive decay products is one of the major sources of background light for deep-sea neutrino telescopes such as ANTARES. These decays are at the same time a powerful calibration source. Using data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope from mid 2008 to 2017, the time evolution of the photon detection efficiency of optical modules is studied. A modest loss of only 20% in 9 years is observed. The relative time calibration between adjacent modules is derived as well.
© The Author(s), 2018