Search for neutrino counterparts of gravitational-wave events detected by LIGO and Virgo during run O2 with the ANTARES telescope

A. Albert; M. André; M. Anghinolfi; G. Anton; M. Ardid; J.-J. Aubert; J. Aublin; B. Baret; S. Basa; B. Belhorma; V. Bertin; S. Biagi; M. Bissinger; J. Boumaaza; M. Bouta; M. C. Bouwhuis; H. Brânzaş; R. Bruijn; J. Brunner; J. Busto; A. Capone; L. Caramete; J. Carr; S. Celli; M. Chabab; T. N. Chau; R. Cherkaoui El Moursli; T. Chiarusi; M. Circella; A. Coleiro; M. Colomer Molla; R. Coniglione; P. Coyle; A. Creusot; A. F. Díaz; G. de Wasseige; A. Deschamps; C. Distefano; I. Di Palma; A. Domi; C. Donzaud; D. Dornic; D. Drouhin; T. Eberl; N. El Khayati; A. Enzenhöfer; A. Ettahiri; P. Fermani; G. Ferrara; F. Filippini; L. Fusco; P. Gay; H. Glotin; R. Gozzini; R. Gracia Ruiz; K. Graf; C. Guidi; S. Hallmann; H. van Haren; A. J. Heijboer; Y. Hello; J. J. Hernández-Rey; J. Hößl; J. Hofestädt; F. Huang; G. Illuminati; C. W. James; M. de Jong; P. de Jong; M. Jongen; M. Kadler; O. Kalekin; U. Katz; N. R. Khan-Chowdhury; A. Kouchner; I. Kreykenbohm; V. Kulikovskiy; R. Lahmann; R. Le Breton; D. Lefèvre; E. Leonora; G. Levi; M. Lincetto; D. Lopez-Coto; S. Loucatos; G. Maggi; J. Manczak; M. Marcelin; A. Margiotta; A. Marinelli; J. A. Martínez-Mora; R. Mele; K. Melis; P. Migliozzi; M. Moser; A. Moussa; R. Muller; L. Nauta; S. Navas; E. Nezri; C. Nielsen; A. Nuñez-Castiñeyra; B. O’Fearraigh; M. Organokov; G. E. Păvălaş; C. Pellegrino; M. Perrin-Terrin; P. Piattelli; C. Poirè; V. Popa; T. Pradier; N. Randazzo; S. Reck; G. Riccobene; A. Sánchez-Losa; D. F. E. Samtleben; M. Sanguineti; P. Sapienza; F. Schüssler; M. Spurio; Th. Stolarczyk; B. Strandberg; M. Taiuti; Y. Tayalati; T. Thakore; S. J. Tingay; A. Trovato; B. Vallage; V. Van Elewyck; F. Versari; S. Viola; D. Vivolo; J. Wilms; D. Zaborov; A. Zegarelli; J. D. Zornoza; J. Zúñiga

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8015-6

2023 Impact factor 4.2

Particles and Fields

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. C (2020) 80: 487
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8015-6

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Search for neutrino counterparts of gravitational-wave events detected by LIGO and Virgo during run O2 with the ANTARES telescope

A. Albert¹^,2, M. André³, M. Anghinolfi⁴, G. Anton⁵, M. Ardid⁶, J.-J. Aubert⁷, J. Aublin⁸, B. Baret⁸, S. Basa⁹, B. Belhorma¹⁰, V. Bertin⁷, S. Biagi¹¹, M. Bissinger⁵, J. Boumaaza¹², M. Bouta¹³, M. C. Bouwhuis¹⁴, H. Brânzaş¹⁵, R. Bruijn¹⁴^,16, J. Brunner⁷, J. Busto⁷, A. Capone¹⁷^,18, L. Caramete¹⁵, J. Carr⁷, S. Celli¹⁷^,18^,19, M. Chabab²⁰, T. N. Chau⁸, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli¹², T. Chiarusi²¹, M. Circella²², A. Coleiro⁸, M. Colomer Molla⁸^,23^*, R. Coniglione¹¹, P. Coyle⁷, A. Creusot⁸, A. F. Díaz²⁴, G. de Wasseige⁸, A. Deschamps²⁵, C. Distefano¹¹, I. Di Palma¹⁷^,18, A. Domi⁴^,26, C. Donzaud⁸^,27, D. Dornic⁷, D. Drouhin¹^,2, T. Eberl⁵, N. El Khayati¹², A. Enzenhöfer⁵^,7, A. Ettahiri¹², P. Fermani¹⁷^,18, G. Ferrara¹¹, F. Filippini²¹^,28, L. Fusco⁸^,21, P. Gay⁸^,29, H. Glotin³⁰, R. Gozzini²³, R. Gracia Ruiz¹, K. Graf⁵, C. Guidi⁴^,26, S. Hallmann⁵, H. van Haren³¹, A. J. Heijboer¹⁴, Y. Hello²⁵, J. J. Hernández-Rey²³, J. Hößl⁵, J. Hofestädt⁵, F. Huang¹, G. Illuminati²³, C. W. James³², M. de Jong¹⁴^,33, P. de Jong¹⁴, M. Jongen¹⁴, M. Kadler³⁴, O. Kalekin⁵, U. Katz⁵, N. R. Khan-Chowdhury²³, A. Kouchner⁸^,35, I. Kreykenbohm³⁶, V. Kulikovskiy⁴^,37, R. Lahmann⁵, R. Le Breton⁸, D. Lefèvre³⁸^,39, E. Leonora⁴⁰, G. Levi²¹^,28, M. Lincetto⁷, D. Lopez-Coto⁴¹, S. Loucatos⁸^,42, G. Maggi⁷, J. Manczak⁷, M. Marcelin⁹, A. Margiotta²¹^,28, A. Marinelli⁴³^,44, J. A. Martínez-Mora⁶, R. Mele⁴⁵^,46, K. Melis¹⁴^,16, P. Migliozzi⁴⁵, M. Moser⁵, A. Moussa¹³, R. Muller¹⁴, L. Nauta¹⁴, S. Navas⁴¹, E. Nezri⁹, C. Nielsen⁸, A. Nuñez-Castiñeyra⁷^,9, B. O’Fearraigh¹⁴, M. Organokov¹, G. E. Păvălaş¹⁵, C. Pellegrino²¹^,28, M. Perrin-Terrin⁷, P. Piattelli¹¹, C. Poirè⁶, V. Popa¹⁵, T. Pradier¹, N. Randazzo⁴⁰, S. Reck⁵, G. Riccobene¹¹, A. Sánchez-Losa²², D. F. E. Samtleben¹⁴^,33, M. Sanguineti⁴^,26, P. Sapienza¹¹, F. Schüssler⁴², M. Spurio²¹^,28, Th. Stolarczyk⁴², B. Strandberg¹⁴, M. Taiuti⁴^,26, Y. Tayalati¹², T. Thakore²³, S. J. Tingay³², A. Trovato¹¹, B. Vallage⁸^,42, V. Van Elewyck⁸^,35, F. Versari⁴^,8^,26, S. Viola¹¹, D. Vivolo⁴⁵^,46, J. Wilms³⁶, D. Zaborov⁷, A. Zegarelli¹⁷^,18, J. D. Zornoza²³ and J. Zúñiga²³

¹ Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
² Université de Haute Alsace, 68200, Mulhouse, France
³ Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Rambla Exposició, Technical University of Catalonia, 08800, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
⁴ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genoa, Italy
⁵ Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
⁶ Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de les Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, 46730, Gandia, Spain
⁷ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
⁸ Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013, Paris, France
⁹ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
¹⁰ National Center for Energy Sciences and Nuclear Techniques, B.P.1382, Rabat, R. P.10001, Morocco
¹¹ Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), INFN, Via S. Sofia 62, 95123, Catania, Italy
¹² University Mohammed V in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, 4 av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat, R.P. 10000, Morocco
¹³ Laboratory of Physics of Matter and Radiations, University Mohammed I, B.P.717, 6000, Oujda, Morocco
¹⁴ Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
¹⁵ Institute of Space Science, 077125, Bucharest, Măgurele, Romania
¹⁶ Instituut voor Hoge-Energie Fysica, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 105, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
¹⁷ INFN-Sezione di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
¹⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
¹⁹ Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale Francesco Crispi 7, 00167, L’Aquila, Italy
²⁰ LPHEA, Faculty of Science-Semlali, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O.B. 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
²¹ INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
²² INFN-Sezione di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
²³ IFIC-Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València) c/ Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 E-46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
²⁴ Department of Computer Architecture and Technology/CITIC, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
²⁵ Géoazur, UCA, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, France
²⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
²⁷ Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
²⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
²⁹ Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
³⁰ LIS, UMR Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, 83041, Toulon, France
³¹ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, Landsdiep 4, 1797, SZ ’t Horntje (Texel), The Netherlands
³² International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
³³ Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Universiteit Leiden, leiden, The Netherlands
³⁴ Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 31, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
³⁵ Institut Universitaire de France, 75005, Paris, France
³⁶ Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte and ECAP, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049, Bamberg, Germany
³⁷ Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Leninskie Gory, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
³⁸ Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Aix-Marseille University, 13288, Marseille, Cedex 9, France
³⁹ Université du Sud Toulon-Var, CNRS-INSU/IRD UM 110, 83957, La Garde Cedex, France
⁴⁰ INFN-Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy
⁴¹ Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos and C.A.F.P.E., University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
⁴² IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴³ INFN-Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
⁴⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
⁴⁵ INFN-Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
⁴⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università Federico II di Napoli, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy

^* e-mail: mcolomer@apc.in2p3.fr

Received: 9 March 2020
Accepted: 6 May 2020
Published online: 30 May 2020

Abstract

An offline search for a neutrino counterpart to gravitational-wave (GW) events detected during the second observation run (O2) of Advanced-LIGO and Advanced-Virgo performed with ANTARES data is presented. In addition to the search for long tracks induced by $\nu _\mu$ ( ${\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$ ) charged current interactions, a search for showering events induced by interactions of neutrinos of any flavour is conducted. The severe spatial and time coincidence provided by the gravitational-wave alert allows regions above the detector horizon to be probed, extending the ANTARES sensitivity over the entire sky. The results of this all-neutrino-flavour and all-sky time dependent analysis are presented. The search for prompt neutrino emission within ±500 s around the time of six GW events yields no neutrino counterparts. Upper limits on the neutrino spectral fluence and constraints on the isotropic energy radiated via high-energy neutrinos (from a few TeV to a few tens of PeV) are set for each GW event analysed.