https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14540-z
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Fermions localized on U(1) gauged Q-balls
1
Institute of Nuclear Physics, 050032, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2
Department of Theoretical and Nuclear Physics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
3
Academician J. Jeenbaev Institute of Physics of the NAS of the Kyrgyz Republic, 265 a, Chui Street, 720071, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
4
International Laboratory for Theoretical Cosmology, Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (TUSUR), 634050, Tomsk, Russia
5
BLTP, JINR, Dubna, 141980, Moscow Region, Russia
6
Instituto de Física de São Carlos, IFSC/USP, Universidade de São Paulo, USP Caixa Postal 369, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Received:
18
April
2025
Accepted:
14
July
2025
Published online:
25
July
2025
The axially symmetric U(1) gauged self-interacting Q-balls are shown to support normalizable fermionic bound states, minimally coupled to the electromagnetic field of the Q-ball. It is shown that the effects of the backreaction of the fermionic mode are very small in the range of the system parameters studied. We explore the domain of existence of the solutions and address some of their physical properties. Among other properties, we observe that, for the bound mode, the eigenvalue of the Dirac operator remains positive, there is no zero mode in the spectrum, as expected in a theory with finite bare fermionic mass in the absence of the Yukawa coupling.
© The Author(s) 2025
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