Eur. Phys. J. C (2024) 84: 1099
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13466-2

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Constraining neutrino masses in the Barrow holographic dark energy model with Granda–Oliveros IR cutoff

Department of Physics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

^b salehi.a@lu.ac.ir

Received: 25 May 2024
Accepted: 6 October 2024
Published online: 23 October 2024

Abstract

The holographic dark energy (HDE) model resides in quantum gravity in connection with the entropy, which requires an appropriate IR-cutoff to support the accelerating universe. Of these, the BHDE is corresponding to the quantum-corrected Barrow entropy $S_B\propto A^{1+\mathrm{\Delta }/2}$ for which the Granda–Oliveros (GO) IR-cutoff $L_{\mathit{IR}}={(\alpha H^2+\beta \dot{H})}^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ avoids the causality problem of the typically used future event-horizon. As the cosmological evolution of the model has recently been studied, we include the relic-neutrinos to constraint the well-motivated model’s parameters ($\alpha ,\beta ,\mathrm{\Delta }$) along with the total mass of neutrinos $\sum m_{\nu }$ and the effective number of their species $N_{\mathit{eff}}$ using a variety of the latest observational data. Utilizing the basic observations from 2018 Planck CMB-data, BAO-data, Pantheon sample of type Ia supernovae (SNIa), H(z) measurements of cosmic chronometers (CC) and various combinations of them, we find $\sum m_{\nu }<0.119$ eV (95 % CL) for CMB + ALL combination, aligning with $\sum m_{\nu }<0.12$ eV, (95% CL) of 2018 Planck release plus BAO data. The value of $N_{\mathit{eff}}=2.{98}_{-0.25}^{+0.25}$ (68% CL) is also determined which is consistent with BAO+Planck’s $N_{\mathit{eff}}=2.{99}_{-0.17}^{+0.17}$ (68% CL). The AIC analysis shows that the model (especially its $\alpha =1$ case) is (mildly) favored over the concordance $\mathrm{\Lambda }$CDM for that complete combination. Furthermore, the Barrow–Granda–Oliveros parameters are found in using the above datasets, as they get $\alpha =0.{98}_{-0.06}^{+0.06}$, $\beta =0.{597}_{-0.08}^{+0.07}$ and $\mathrm{\Delta }=0.{0054}_{-0.0076}^{+0.0076}$ for CMB + ALL combination, where are in agreement with previous studies. The use of these best-fitting values in plotting the deceleration parameter q(z) shows that the universe undergoes a deceleration-acceleration transition at $z_{\mathit{tr}}=0.63$, by entering the current phase of dark-energy domination with $q_0=-0.573$.