Eur. Phys. J. C (2014) 74: 2954
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2954-8

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Cosmological constraints on neutrinos after BICEP2

¹ Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
² Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100080, China

^* e-mail: zhangxin@mail.neu.edu.cn

Received: 4 May 2014
Accepted: 23 June 2014
Published online: 22 July 2014

Abstract

Since the B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) was detected by the BICEP2 experiment and an unexpectedly large tensor-to-scalar ratio, , was found, the base standard cosmology should at least be extended to the 7-parameter CDM+ model. In this paper, we consider the extensions to this base CDM+ model by including additional base parameters relevant to neutrinos and/or other neutrino-like relativistic components. Four neutrino cosmological models are considered, i.e., the CDM++, CDM++, CDM+++, and CDM+++ models. We combine the current data, including the Planck temperature data, the WMAP 9-year polarization data, the baryon acoustic oscillation data, the Hubble constant direct measurement data, the Planck Sunyaev–Zeldovich cluster counts data, the Planck CMB lensing data, the cosmic shear data, and the BICEP2 polarization data, to constrain these neutrino cosmological models. We focus on the constraints on the parameters , , and . We also discuss whether the tension on between Planck and BICEP2 can be relieved in these neutrino cosmological models.