https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13306-3
Regular Article
Scintillation light in SBND: simulation, reconstruction, and expected performance of the photon detection system
1
Argonne National Laboratory, 60439, Lemont, IL, USA
2
Universität Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
3
Brookhaven National Laboratory, 11973, Upton, NY, USA
4
University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
5
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
6
Center for Information Technology Renato Archer, 13069-901, Campinas, SP, Brazil
7
CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211, 23 Geneva, Switzerland
8
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
9
CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
10
Colorado State University, 80523, Fort Collins, CO, USA
11
Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
12
University of Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, Edinburgh, UK
13
Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
14
Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37715-400, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
15
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 60510, Batavia, IL, USA
16
University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
17
Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
18
Illinois Institute of Technology, 60616, Chicago, IL, USA
19
Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
20
Lancaster University, LA1 4YW, Lancaster, UK
21
University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE, Liverpool, UK
22
Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, NM, USA
23
Louisiana State University, 70803, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
24
University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
25
University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
26
University of Minnesota, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA
27
University of Oxford, OX1 3RH, Oxford, UK
28
University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
29
Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS, London, UK
30
Rutgers University, 08854, Piscataway, NJ, USA
31
Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 12228-900, São Josédos Campos, SP, Brazil
32
University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, S3 7RH, Sheffield, UK
33
University of Sussex, BN1 9RH, Brighton, UK
34
Syracuse University, 13244, Syracuse, NY, USA
35
University of Tennessee at Knoxville, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
36
Texas A&M University, 77843, College Station, TX, USA
37
University of Texas at Arlington, 76019, Arlington, TX, USA
38
Tufts University, 02155, Medford, MA, USA
39
University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
40
Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, 24060, Blacksburg, VA, USA
41
Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
Received:
12
June
2024
Accepted:
27
August
2024
Published online:
10
October
2024
SBND is the near detector of the Short-Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab. Its location near to the Booster Neutrino Beam source and relatively large mass will allow the study of neutrino interactions on argon with unprecedented statistics. This paper describes the expected performance of the SBND photon detection system, using a simulated sample of beam neutrinos and cosmogenic particles. Its design is a dual readout concept combining a system of 120 photomultiplier tubes, used for triggering, with a system of 192 X-ARAPUCA devices, located behind the anode wire planes. Furthermore, covering the cathode plane with highly-reflective panels coated with a wavelength-shifting compound recovers part of the light emitted towards the cathode, where no optical detectors exist. We show how this new design provides a high light yield and a more uniform detection efficiency, an excellent timing resolution and an independent 3D-position reconstruction using only the scintillation light. Finally, the whole reconstruction chain is applied to recover the temporal structure of the beam spill, which is resolved with a resolution on the order of nanoseconds.
© The Author(s) 2024
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Funded by SCOAP3.