https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11713-6
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
The Pixel Luminosity Telescope: a detector for luminosity measurement at CMS using silicon pixel sensors
1
Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
2
Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
3
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
4
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
5
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
6
MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
7
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
8
INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
9
INFN Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
10
INFN Sezione di Torino and Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
11
Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
12
Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Hermosillo, Mexico
13
Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
14
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
15
CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
16
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
17
The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
18
University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
19
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
20
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
21
Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
22
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
23
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
24
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
25
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
26
Authors Affiliated with an Institute or an International Laboratory Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
27
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
28
Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
29
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
30
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
31
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
32
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
33
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
34
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
35
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
36
Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
37
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA
38
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
39
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
40
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
41
Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria
42
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
43
ETH Zurich–Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
44
Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany and Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 IJCLab, Orsay, France
45
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
46
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
47
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
48
Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
49
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
50
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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INFN Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
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University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
54
CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
Received:
17
June
2022
Accepted:
29
September
2022
Published online:
28
July
2023
The Pixel Luminosity Telescope is a silicon pixel detector dedicated to luminosity measurement at the CMS experiment at the LHC. It is located approximately 1.75 m from the interaction point and arranged into 16 “telescopes”, with eight telescopes installed around the beam pipe at either end of the detector and each telescope composed of three individual silicon sensor planes. The per-bunch instantaneous luminosity is measured by counting events where all three planes in the telescope register a hit, using a special readout at the full LHC bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz. The full pixel information is read out at a lower rate and can be used to determine calibrations, corrections, and systematic uncertainties for the online and offline measurements. This paper details the commissioning, operational history, and performance of the detector during Run 2 (2015–18) of the LHC, as well as preparations for Run 3, which will begin in 2022.
© The Author(s) 2023
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Funded by SCOAP3. SCOAP3 supports the goals of the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development.
