https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10868-y
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Observational signatures of Schwarzschild-MOG black holes in scalar-tensor-vector gravity: shadows and rings with different accretions
1
School of Physical Science and Technology and Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
2
School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics and Center of Application and Research of Computational Physics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 201620, Shanghai, China
Received:
29
June
2022
Accepted:
28
September
2022
Published online:
7
October
2022
We study the influence of parameter 
on the optical features of Schwarzschild-MOG black holes with different thin accretions in scalar-tensor-vector gravity. As increases from 0, the radii of the event horizon, photon sphere, and observed shadow increase in comparison with the Schwarzschild black hole. We constrain the parameter with the experimental data reported by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration for M87
and Sagittarius A. In the situation of spherical accretions, we unveil that the parameter has a positive effect on the shadow size but a negative effect on the observed specific intensities. Considering that the Schwarzschild-MOG black hole is surrounded by an optical and geometrically thin accretion disk, we find that the total observed specific intensities are mainly contributed by the direct emissions, while the photon rings and lensed rings provide small contributions. It is also found that with the increase of , the black hole shadow expands, the photon rings and lensed rings become larger and thicker. Besides, we emphasize that the boundary of the observed shadow cast by the aim black hole in the disk accretion scenario is determined by the direct emissions rather than the photon ring emissions. Consequently, we unveil that there is a linear relationship involving the critical impact parameter and the starting point of the direct emissions. This finding helps to use the experimental results of the Event Horizon Telescope to infer the critical impact parameter and to test General Relativity.
© The Author(s) 2022
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