Eur. Phys. J. C (2020) 80: 167
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7673-8

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Multiplicity dependence of (multi-)strange hadron production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

¹ A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
² Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
³ Department of Physics, Bose Institute, Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
⁴ Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
⁵ California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
⁶ Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
⁷ Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
⁸ Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
⁹ Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
¹⁰ Centro Fermi-Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy
¹¹ Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
¹² China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
¹³ Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
¹⁴ Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
¹⁵ COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹⁶ Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
¹⁷ Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
¹⁸ Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
¹⁹ Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
²⁰ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
²¹ Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
²² Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
²³ Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università ’La Sapienza’ and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy
²⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
²⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
²⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
²⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
²⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padua, Italy
³⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
³¹ Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
³² Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Sezione di Torino, Alessandria, Italy
³³ Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
³⁴ European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
³⁵ Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
³⁶ Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
³⁷ Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
³⁸ Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Kosice, Slovakia
³⁹ Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
⁴⁰ Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
⁴¹ Department of Physics, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
⁴² Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
⁴³ Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
⁴⁴ High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
⁴⁵ Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
⁴⁶ Hochschule Worms, Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Worms, Germany
⁴⁷ Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
⁴⁸ Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
⁴⁹ Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
⁵⁰ Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
⁵¹ INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
⁵² INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
⁵³ INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
⁵⁴ INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
⁵⁵ INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
⁵⁶ INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
⁵⁷ INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy
⁵⁸ INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
⁵⁹ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁶⁰ Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
⁶¹ Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3/CNRS), Université de Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
⁶² Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
⁶³ Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, The Netherlands
⁶⁴ Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
⁶⁵ Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
⁶⁶ Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
⁶⁷ Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
⁶⁸ Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
⁶⁹ Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁷⁰ Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
⁷¹ Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁷² iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
⁷³ Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
⁷⁴ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia
⁷⁵ Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
⁷⁶ KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
⁷⁷ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
⁷⁸ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
⁷⁹ Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
⁸⁰ Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
⁸¹ Nara Women’s University (NWU), Nara, Japan
⁸² Department of Physics, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁸³ National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
⁸⁴ National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
⁸⁵ National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
⁸⁶ National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
⁸⁷ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁸⁸ Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁸⁹ NRC Kurchatov Institute IHEP, Protvino, Russia
⁹⁰ NRC Kurchatov Institute-ITEP, Moscow, Russia
⁹¹ NRNU Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
⁹² Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK
⁹³ Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic
⁹⁴ Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
⁹⁵ Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
⁹⁶ Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
⁹⁷ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
⁹⁸ Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁹⁹ Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
¹⁰⁰ Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
¹⁰¹ Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
¹⁰² Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
¹⁰³ Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
¹⁰⁴ Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
¹⁰⁵ Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
¹⁰⁶ Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
¹⁰⁷ Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia
¹⁰⁸ Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
¹⁰⁹ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
¹¹⁰ Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
¹¹¹ Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China
¹¹² St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
¹¹³ Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
¹¹⁴ SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
¹¹⁵ Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
¹¹⁶ Technical University of Košice, Kosice, Slovakia
¹¹⁷ Technische Universität München, Excellence Cluster ‘Universe’, Munich, Germany
¹¹⁸ The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
¹¹⁹ The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
¹²⁰ Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
¹²¹ Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
¹²² Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
¹²³ Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
¹²⁴ University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
¹²⁵ University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
¹²⁶ University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
¹²⁷ University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
¹²⁸ University of Science and Techonology of China, Hefei, China
¹²⁹ University of South-Eastern Norway, Tonsberg, Norway
¹³⁰ University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
¹³¹ University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
¹³² University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
¹³³ University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
¹³⁴ Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
¹³⁵ Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
¹³⁶ Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
¹³⁷ Université Paris-Saclay Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
¹³⁸ Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
¹³⁹ Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
¹⁴⁰ Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
¹⁴¹ Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
¹⁴² Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹⁴³ Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
¹⁴⁴ Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
¹⁴⁵ Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
¹⁴⁶ Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
¹⁴⁷ Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
¹⁴⁸ CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland

^* alice-publications@cern.ch

Received: 9 August 2019
Accepted: 24 January 2020
Published online: 21 February 2020

Abstract

The production rates and the transverse momentum distribution of strange hadrons at mid-rapidity ($\left|y\right|<0.5$) are measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV as a function of the charged particle multiplicity, using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The production rates of ${\mathrm{K}}_S^0$, $\mathrm{\Lambda }$, $\mathrm{\Xi }$, and $\mathrm{\Omega }$ increase with the multiplicity faster than what is reported for inclusive charged particles. The increase is found to be more pronounced for hadrons with a larger strangeness content. Possible auto-correlations between the charged particles and the strange hadrons are evaluated by measuring the event-activity with charged particle multiplicity estimators covering different pseudorapidity regions. When comparing to lower energy results, the yields of strange hadrons are found to depend only on the mid-rapidity charged particle multiplicity. Several features of the data are reproduced qualitatively by general purpose QCD Monte Carlo models that take into account the effect of densely-packed QCD strings in high multiplicity collisions. However, none of the tested models reproduce the data quantitatively. This work corroborates and extends the ALICE findings on strangeness production in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV.