https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14407-3
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Testing black holes in a perfect fluid dark matter environment using quasinormal modes
1
College of Physics, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
2
Department of Physics, Guizhou Minzu University, 550025, Guiyang, China
Received:
7
April
2025
Accepted:
8
June
2025
Published online:
23
June
2025
This research explores the quasinormal modes (QNMs) characteristics of charged black holes in a perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) environment. Based on the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the M87* black hole shadow, we implemented necessary constraints on the parameter space (a/M, 
). We found that for lower values of the magnetic charge parameter, the effective range of the PFDM parameter is approximately between 
and 0, while as the magnetic charge parameter increases, this effective range gradually extends toward more negative values. Then through sixth-order WKB method and time-domain method, we systematically analyzed the quasinormal oscillation spectra under scalar field and electromagnetic field perturbations. The results reveal that: the magnetic charge a and PFDM parameters 
modulate the effective potential barrier of black hole spacetime, profoundly influencing the response frequency and energy dissipation characteristics of external perturbations. The consistently negative imaginary part of QNMs across the entire physical parameter domain substantiates the dynamical stability of the investigated system. Moreover, we discovered differences in the parameter variation sensitivity between scalar field and electromagnetic field perturbations, providing a theoretical basis for distinguishing different field disturbances. These results not only unveil the modulation mechanisms of electromagnetic interactions and dark matter distribution on black hole spacetime structures but also offer potential observational evidence for future gravitational wave detection and black hole environment identification.
© The Author(s) 2025
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Funded by SCOAP3.
