https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14279-7
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Revisiting holographic dark energy after DESI 2024
1
Liaoning Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, China
2
School of Physics, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China
3
College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, 110034, Shenyang, China
4
MOE Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, China
5
National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, China
a
jfzhang@mail.neu.edu.cn
b
zhangxin@mail.neu.edu.cn
Received:
22
November
2024
Accepted:
3
May
2025
Published online:
2
June
2025
New insights from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) 2024 baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data, in conjunction with cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Type Ia supernova (SN) data, suggest that dark energy may not be a cosmological constant. In this work, we investigate the cosmological implications of holographic dark energy (HDE) and interacting holographic dark energy (IHDE) models, utilizing CMB, DESI BAO, and SN data. By considering the combined DESI BAO and SN data, we determine that in the IHDE model, the parameter 
and the dark-energy equation of state w does not cross 
at the 
confidence level, whereas in the HDE model, it marginally falls below this threshold. Upon incorporating CMB data, we observe that in the HDE model, the parameter 
and w crosses at a level beyond 
. Conversely, for the IHDE model, the likelihood of w crossing is considerably diminished, implying that the introduction of interaction within the HDE model could potentially resolve or mitigate the cosmic big rip conundrum. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the HDE and IHDE models are statistically as viable as the 
CDM model when assessing Bayesian evidence with DESI BAO data combined with SN data. However, when CMB data are added, the HDE and IHDE models are significantly less favored than the CDM model. Our findings advocate for further exploration of the HDE and IHDE models using forthcoming, more precise late-universe observations.
© The Author(s) 2025
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Funded by SCOAP3.
