https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14314-7
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Perturbative solutions for compact objects in (2+1)-dimensional Bopp–Podolsky electrodynamics
1
Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Departamento de Física, Campus do Pici, C.P. 6030, 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
2
Departamento de Física Teórica and IFIC, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia-CSIC, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
Received:
11
March
2025
Accepted:
14
May
2025
Published online:
29
May
2025
We investigate the space-time geometry generated by compact objects in (2+1)-dimensional Bopp–Podolsky electrodynamics. Inspired by previous studies where the Bopp–Podolsky field acts as a source for spherically symmetric solutions, we revisit this question within the lower-dimensional (2+1) framework. Using a perturbative approach, we derive a charged BTZ-like black hole solution and compute corrections up to second order in a perturbative expansion valid far from the horizon. Our analysis suggests that the near-horizon and inner structure of the solution remain unaltered, indicating that no new non-black hole objects emerge in this regime. In particular, we do not find evidence of wormhole solutions in the (2+1)-dimensional version of this theory.
© The Author(s) 2025
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