https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14216-8
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Six-dimensional light-front Wigner distributions of the proton
1
School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
2
Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
3
Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 516000, Huizhou, China
4
Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
5
School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
Received:
6
February
2025
Accepted:
21
April
2025
Published online:
8
May
2025
We investigate six-dimensional quark Wigner distributions of the proton in a light-front quark spectator-diquark model. Benefiting from the light-front boost-invariant longitudinal variable 
, these light-front Wigner distributions provide complete information of parton distribution in the phase space and the correlation with spins. At the leading twist, one can define 16 independent distribution functions in according to different combinations of quark and proton polarizations. Numerical results of all these Wigner distributions are presented, unraveling rich structures of the proton, which may potentially provide new observables to be explored at future experiments.
© The Author(s) 2025
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