https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13415-z
Regular Article
Geometrically thick equilibrium tori around a Schwarzschild black hole in swirling universes
1
Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, Hunan, China
2
Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
Received:
31
May
2024
Accepted:
24
September
2024
Published online:
9
October
2024
We study geometrically thick non-self gravitating equilibrium tori orbiting a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in swirling universes. This solution is axially symmetric and non-asymptotically flat, and its north and south hemispheres spin in opposite directions. Due to repulsive effects arising from the swirl of the background spacetime, the equilibrium torus exists only in the small swirling case. With the increase of the swirling parameter, the disk structure becomes small and the excretion of matter near the black hole becomes strong. Moreover, the odd symmetry of spacetimes originating from the swirling parameter yields that the orientation of closed equipotential surfaces deviates away from the horizontal axis and the corresponding disk does not longer possess the symmetry with respect to the equatorial plane. These significant features could help to further understand the equilibrium tori and geometrically thick accretion disks around black holes in swirling universes.
© The Author(s) 2024
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