https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12982-5
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
The XENONnT dark matter experiment
1
Physics Department, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
2
Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3
Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, Hida, 506-1205, Gifu, Japan
4
LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005, Paris, France
5
Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
6
INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
7
Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
8
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
9
New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
10
INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
11
Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
12
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
13
SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307, Nantes, France
14
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
15
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
16
Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
17
Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
18
Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
19
LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
20
Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126, Naples, Italy
21
IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Universit é de Paris, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91400, Orsay, France
22
Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
23
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 77005, Houston, TX, USA
24
Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
25
Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
26
Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
27
Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
28
Department of Physics, Kobe University, 657-8501, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
29
INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
30
Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal
31
Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
32
INFN-Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
33
Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, 90292, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
34
Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, 310030, Hangzhou, China
35
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, China
fu
marc.schumann@physik.uni-freiburg.de
Received:
23
February
2024
Accepted:
3
June
2024
Published online:
7
August
2024
The multi-staged XENON program at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso aims to detect dark matter with two-phase liquid xenon time projection chambers of increasing size and sensitivity. The XENONnT experiment is the latest detector in the program, planned to be an upgrade of its predecessor XENON1T. It features an active target of 5.9 tonnes of cryogenic liquid xenon (8.5 tonnes total mass in cryostat). The experiment is expected to extend the sensitivity to WIMP dark matter by more than an order of magnitude compared to XENON1T, thanks to the larger active mass and the significantly reduced background, improved by novel systems such as a radon removal plant and a neutron veto. This article describes the XENONnT experiment and its sub-systems in detail and reports on the detector performance during the first science run.
Deceased: J. P. Cussonneau.
© The Author(s) 2024
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Funded by SCOAP3.
