https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12296-y
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Design and performance of the field cage for the XENONnT experiment
1
Physics Department, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
2
Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, 506-1205, Hida, Gifu, Japan
3
LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005, Paris, France
4
Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
5
INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, Department of Physics, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
6
Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
7
Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
8
Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
9
New York University Abu Dhabi-Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
10
Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
11
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
12
SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307, Nantes, France
13
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
14
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
15
Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
16
Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
17
Department of Physics and Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
18
LIBPhys, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
19
INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
20
Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
21
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 77005, Houston, TX, USA
22
Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
23
Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
24
Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
25
Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126, Naples, Italy
26
Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
27
Department of Physics, Kobe University, 657-8501, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
28
INFN-Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
29
INFN-Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy
30
Coimbra Polytechnic-ISEC, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal
31
Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
a
xenon@lngs.infn.it
ca
kobayashi.masatoshi@isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp
cm
sebastian.lindemann@physik.uni-freiburg.de
fg
francesco.toschi@kit.edu
Received:
12
October
2023
Accepted:
27
November
2023
Published online:
8
February
2024
The precision in reconstructing events detected in a dual-phase time projection chamber depends on an homogeneous and well understood electric field within the liquid target. In the XENONnT TPC the field homogeneity is achieved through a double-array field cage, consisting of two nested arrays of field shaping rings connected by an easily accessible resistor chain. Rather than being connected to the gate electrode, the topmost field shaping ring is independently biased, adding a degree of freedom to tune the electric field during operation. Two-dimensional finite element simulations were used to optimize the field cage, as well as its operation. Simulation results were compared to 
calibration data. This comparison indicates an accumulation of charge on the panels of the TPC which is constant over time, as no evolution of the reconstructed position distribution of events is observed. The simulated electric field was then used to correct the charge signal for the field dependence of the charge yield. This correction resolves the inconsistent measurement of the drift electron lifetime when using different calibrations sources and different field cage tuning voltages.
J. P. Cussonneau: Deceased.
© The Author(s) 2024
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Funded by SCOAP3.
