https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11671-z
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Constraint on the chemical potentials of hydrogen and proton in recombination
1
Departamento de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, 59610-210, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
2
Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59900-000, Pau dos Ferros, RN, Brazil
Received:
5
March
2023
Accepted:
29
May
2023
Published online:
4
June
2023
In this paper, we revisit the hydrogen recombination history from a novel perspective: the evolution of chemical potentials. We derive expressions for the chemical potentials, which depend on the thermal bath temperature and the ionization degree of the universe. Our main finding reveals a constraint between the chemical potentials of hydrogen and proton at when the free electron fraction is
. Furthermore, we present important data on the chemical potentials during recombination, highlighting the differences between the predictions of the Peebles’ and CosmoRec code solutions. Finally, we discuss a particular case related to the chemical potential of hydrogen.
© The Author(s) 2023
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