https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11610-y
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
ICARUS at the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino program: initial operation
1
Tufts University, 02155, Medford, MA, USA
2
University of Houston, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
3
University of Rochester, 14627, Rochester, NY, USA
4
INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
5
University of Texas at Arlington, 76019, Arlington, TX, USA
6
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 60510, Batavia, IL, USA
7
CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
8
Colorado State University, 80523, Fort Collins, CO, USA
9
INFN Sezione di Catania and University of Catania, Catania, Italy
10
INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
11
INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
12
INFN LNS, Catania, Italy
13
INFN Sezione di Genova and University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
14
Brookhaven National Laboratory, 11973, Upton, NY, USA
15
Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
16
Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
17
INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
18
Southern Methodist University, 75275, Dallas, TX, USA
19
INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
20
SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, 94025, Menlo Park, CA, USA
21
INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
22
University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
23
INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
24
University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
25
INFN GSSI, L’Aquila, Italy
26
INFN LNGS, Assergi, Italy
27
University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
28
INP-Polish Acad. Sci, Kraków, Poland
29
University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
30
Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
31
Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Padua, Italy
32
SBND Collaboration, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
33
SBND Collaboration, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
34
SBND Collaboration, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
35
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
36
INFN-LNF, Frascati, Italy
37
SBND Collaboration, Batavia, USA
38
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
39
On leave of absence from INFN Pavia, Pavia, Italy
40
SBND Collaboration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
41
On leave of absence from INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
42
IPSI-INAF Torino, Turin, Italy
eh
alessandro.menegolli@unipv.it
Received:
23
January
2023
Accepted:
12
May
2023
Published online:
4
June
2023
The ICARUS collaboration employed the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful 3-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous 
appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around 1 eV
. After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 the cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid argon filling and recirculation. ICARUS then started its operations collecting the first neutrino events from the booster neutrino beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam off-axis, which were used to test the ICARUS event selection, reconstruction and analysis algorithms. ICARUS successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022. The first goal of the ICARUS data taking will be a study to either confirm or refute the claim by Neutrino-4 short-baseline reactor experiment. ICARUS will also perform measurement of neutrino cross sections with the NuMI beam and several Beyond Standard Model searches. After the first year of operations, ICARUS will search for evidence of sterile neutrinos jointly with the Short-Baseline Near Detector, within the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. In this paper, the main activities carried out during the overhauling and installation phases are highlighted. Preliminary technical results from the ICARUS commissioning data with the BNB and NuMI beams are presented both in terms of performance of all ICARUS subsystems and of capability to select and reconstruct neutrino events.
© The Author(s) 2023
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Funded by SCOAP3. SCOAP3 supports the goals of the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development.
