Eur. Phys. J. C (2023) 83: 485
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11633-5

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Lorentz group equivariant autoencoders

¹ University of California San Diego, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
² Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 60510, Batavia, IL, USA
³ European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland

^b rkansal@ucsd.edu

Received: 24 December 2022
Accepted: 17 May 2023
Published online: 9 June 2023

Abstract

There has been significant work recently in developing machine learning (ML) models in high energy physics (HEP) for tasks such as classification, simulation, and anomaly detection. Often these models are adapted from those designed for datasets in computer vision or natural language processing, which lack inductive biases suited to HEP data, such as equivariance to its inherent symmetries. Such biases have been shown to make models more performant and interpretable, and reduce the amount of training data needed. To that end, we develop the Lorentz group autoencoder (LGAE), an autoencoder model equivariant with respect to the proper, orthochronous Lorentz group ${\text{SO}}^{+}(3,1)$, with a latent space living in the representations of the group. We present our architecture and several experimental results on jets at the LHC and find it outperforms graph and convolutional neural network baseline models on several compression, reconstruction, and anomaly detection metrics. We also demonstrate the advantage of such an equivariant model in analyzing the latent space of the autoencoder, which can improve the explainability of potential anomalies discovered by such ML models.