https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11475-1
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
resonance production in Pb–Pb collisions at 
TeV
1
A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
2
AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
3
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
4
Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
5
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
6
Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
7
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
8
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
9
Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
10
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
11
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
12
Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
13
COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
14
Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
15
Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
16
Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
17
Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
18
Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
19
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
20
Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
21
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
22
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
23
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
24
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
25
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
26
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
27
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padua, Italy
28
Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
29
Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
30
Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
31
Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
32
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
33
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
34
Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
35
Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
36
Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
37
Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
38
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
39
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
40
Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
41
Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
42
Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
43
Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
44
High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
45
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
46
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
47
Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
48
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
49
INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
50
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
51
INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
52
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
53
INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
54
INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
55
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
56
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
57
Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
58
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, The Netherlands
59
Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
60
Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
61
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
62
Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
63
Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
64
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
65
Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
66
Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
67
iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
68
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
69
Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
70
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
71
KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
72
Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis, Irène Joliot-Curie, Orsay, France
73
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
74
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
75
Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
76
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
77
Nara Women’s University (NWU), Nara, Japan
78
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
79
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
80
National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
81
National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
82
National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
83
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
84
Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
85
Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK
86
Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
87
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
88
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
89
Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
90
Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
91
Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
92
Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
93
Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
94
Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
95
Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
96
Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
97
Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
98
Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
99
Saga University, Saga, Japan
100
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
101
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
102
Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
103
Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
104
SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
105
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
106
Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
107
The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
108
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
109
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
110
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
111
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
112
Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
113
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
114
University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
115
University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
116
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
117
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
118
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
119
University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
120
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
121
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
122
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
123
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
124
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
125
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
126
Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
127
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
128
Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Université Paris-Saclay Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Saclay, France
129
Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
130
Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
131
Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
132
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
133
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
134
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
135
Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
136
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
137
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
138
Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
139
Zentrum für Technologie und Transfer (ZTT), Worms, Germany
140
Affiliated with an Institute Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
141
Affiliated with an International Laboratory Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN, Geneva 23, Switzerland
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Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy
143
Dipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
144
Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
145
Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Poland
146
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
147
An Institution Covered by a Cooperation Agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
148
CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
Received:
17
June
2022
Accepted:
29
September
2022
Published online:
2
May
2023
Hadronic resonances are used to probe the hadron gas produced in the late stage of heavy-ion collisions since they decay on the same timescale, of the order of 1–10 fm/c, as the decoupling time of the system. In the hadron gas, (pseudo)elastic scatterings among the products of resonances that decayed before the kinetic freeze-out and regeneration processes counteract each other, the net effect depending on the resonance lifetime, the duration of the hadronic phase, and the hadronic cross sections at play. In this context, the particle is of particular interest as models predict that regeneration dominates over rescattering despite its relatively short lifetime of about 5.5 fm/c. The first measurement of the resonance production at midrapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at 
TeV with the ALICE detector is presented in this Letter. The resonances are reconstructed via their hadronic decay channel, 
, as a function of the transverse momentum (
) and the collision centrality. The results are discussed in comparison with the measured yield of pions and with expectations from the statistical hadronization model as well as commonly employed event generators, including PYTHIA8/Angantyr and EPOS3 coupled to the UrQMD hadronic cascade afterburner. None of the models can describe the data. For , a similar behaviour as 
is observed in data unlike the predictions of EPOS3 with afterburner.
© CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration 2023
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