Eur. Phys. J. C (2023) 83: 144
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11278-4

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

A correspondence between the free and interacting field

¹ Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
² Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
³ Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
⁴ Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871, Beijing, China
⁵ RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, 52074, Aachen, Germany

^b m.ding@hzdr.de

Received: 11 August 2022
Accepted: 30 January 2023
Published online: 14 February 2023

Abstract

We discover a correspondence between the free field and the interacting states. This correspondence is firstly given from the fact that the free propagator can be converted into a tower of propagators for massive states, when expanded with the Hermite function basis. The equivalence of propagators reveals that in this particular case the duality can naturally be regarded as the equivalence of one theory on the plane wave basis to the other on the Hermite function basis. More generally, the Hermite function basis provides an alternative quantization process with the creation/annihilation operators that correspond directly to the interacting fields. As an illustration, we apply this basis to the $3+1$ dimensional Yang–Mills theory, where the three-dimensional space being reduced through the Hermite function basis, and an auxiliary parameter $\omega$ denotes for string tension. At large $\omega$ limit, with then considering only the lowest order Hermite function (Lowest Landau Level), the equivalent action becomes the Banks–Fischler–Shenker–Susskind (BFSS) matrix model. At small $\omega$ limit, the perturbative series summed over all orders of Hermite function gives a massive gluon propagator.