https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11274-8
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
The optical appearance of charged four-dimensional Gauss–Bonnet black hole with strings cloud and non-commutative geometry surrounded by various accretions profiles
1
State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
2
Department of Mechanics, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
3
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
c
rabiasaleem@cuilahore.edu.pk
Received:
13
September
2022
Accepted:
29
January
2023
Published online:
9
February
2023
Thanks for the releasing image of supermassive black holes (BHs) by the event horizon telescope (EHT) at the heart of the M87 galaxy. After the discovery of this mysterious object, scientists paid attention to exploring the BH shadow features under different gravitational backgrounds. In this scenario, we study the light rings and observational properties of BH shadow surrounded by different accretion flow models and then investigate the effect of model parameters on the observational display and space-time structure of BHs in the framework of our considering system. Under the incompatible configuration of the emission profiles, the images of BHs comprise that the observed luminosity is mainly determined by direct emission, while the lensing ring will provide a small contribution of the total observed flux and the photon ring makes a negligible contribution due to its exponential narrowness. More importantly, the observed regions and specific intensities of all emission profiles are changed correspondingly under variations of parameters. For optically thin accreting matters, we analyze the profile and specific intensity of the shadows with static and infalling accretions models, respectively. We find that with an infalling motion the interior region of the shadows will be darker than the static case, due to the Doppler effect of the infalling movement. Finally, it is concluded that these findings support the fact that the change of BH state parameters will change the way of space-time geometry, thus affecting the BH shadow dynamics.
© The Author(s) 2023
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Funded by SCOAP3. SCOAP3 supports the goals of the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development.
