https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-11030-4
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Weak gravitational lensing in dark matter and plasma mediums for wormhole-like static aether solution
1
Division of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics, University of Education, 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Physics Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004, Manila, Philippines
3
Physics Department, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
4
Physics Department, Mapúa University, 658 Muralla St., 1002, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
Received:
22
July
2022
Accepted:
12
November
2022
Published online:
23
November
2022
In this paper, we study the deflection angle for wormhole-like static aether solution by using Gibbons and Werner technique in non-plasma, plasma, and dark matter mediums. For this purpose, we use optical spacetime geometry to calculate the Gaussian optical curvature, then implement the Gauss–Bonnet theorem in weak field limits. Moreover, we compute the deflection angle by using a technique known as Keeton and Petters technique. Furthermore, we analyze the graphical behavior of the bending angle 
with respect to the impact parameter b, mass m as an integration constant, and parameter q in non-plasma and plasma mediums. We examine that the deflection angle is exponentially increasing as direct with charge. Also, we observe that for small values of b, increases, and for large values of b the angle decreases. We also considered analysis to the shadow cast of the wormhole relative to an observer at various locations. Comparing it the Schwarzschild shadow, shadow cast is possible for wormhole as 
. At 
, the Schwarzschild is larger. As 
, we have seen that the behavior of the shadow, as well as the weak deflection angle, approaches that of the Schwarzschild black hole. Overall, the effect of plasma tends to decrease the value of the observables due to the wormhole geometry.
© The Author(s) 2022
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Funded by SCOAP3. SCOAP3 supports the goals of the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development.
