https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10541-4
Review
Unveiling hidden physics at the LHC
1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZL, Liverpool, UK
2
School of Physics and Institute for Collider Particle Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
3
iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, PO Box 722, 7129, Somerset West, South Africa
4
Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
5
Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
6
CERN Theory Division, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
7
Dipartimento di Fisica“E. Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
8
INFN Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
9
Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, 12211-1462, Loudonville, NY, USA
10
Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di L’Aquila, 67100, Coppito, L’Aquila, Italy
11
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 67100, L’Aquila, Assergi, Italy
12
Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
13
Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics (TTP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 7, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
14
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Turin, Italy
15
INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125, Turin, Italy
16
Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 300, Hsinchu, Taiwan
17
Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
18
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, 400005, Mumbai, India
19
Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, 63130, St. Louis, MO, USA
20
Indian Institute of Science (IISc), 560012, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
21
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center, University of Pittsburgh, 15206, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
22
Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA
23
The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions, Cambridge, USA
24
Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
25
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
26
INFN Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
27
Institute of Physics, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010, Graz, Austria
28
Experimental Physics Department, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
29
Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
30
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, USA
31
Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
32
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
33
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
34
IFIC, Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980, Paterna, Spain
35
Departement Physik, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
36
Département de Physique, École Polytechnique, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
37
Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
a
oliver.fischer@liverpool.ac.uk
Received:
3
November
2021
Accepted:
31
May
2022
Published online:
3
August
2022
The field of particle physics is at the crossroads. The discovery of a Higgs-like boson completed the Standard Model (SM), but the lacking observation of convincing resonances Beyond the SM (BSM) offers no guidance for the future of particle physics. On the other hand, the motivation for New Physics has not diminished and is, in fact, reinforced by several striking anomalous results in many experiments. Here we summarise the status of the most significant anomalies, including the most recent results for the flavour anomalies, the multi-lepton anomalies at the LHC, the Higgs-like excess at around 96 GeV, and anomalies in neutrino physics, astrophysics, cosmology, and cosmic rays. While the LHC promises up to 4 of integrated luminosity and far-reaching physics programmes to unveil BSM physics, we consider the possibility that the latter could be tested with present data, but that systemic shortcomings of the experiments and their search strategies may preclude their discovery for several reasons, including: final states consisting in soft particles only, associated production processes, QCD-like final states, close-by SM resonances, and SUSY scenarios where no missing energy is produced. New search strategies could help to unveil the hidden BSM signatures, devised by making use of the CERN open data as a new testing ground. We discuss the CERN open data with its policies, challenges, and potential usefulness for the community. We showcase the example of the CMS collaboration, which is the only collaboration regularly releasing some of its data. We find it important to stress that individuals using public data for their own research does not imply competition with experimental efforts, but rather provides unique opportunities to give guidance for further BSM searches by the collaborations. Wide access to open data is paramount to fully exploit the LHCs potential.
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