Hawking evaporation, shadow images, and thermodynamics of black holes through deflection angle

Abdul Jawad; Shahid Chaudhary; Kimet Jusufi

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10573-w

2022 Impact factor 4.4

Particles and Fields

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. C (2022) 82: 655
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10573-w

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Hawking evaporation, shadow images, and thermodynamics of black holes through deflection angle

Abdul Jawad¹^a, Shahid Chaudhary¹ and Kimet Jusufi²

¹ Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University, Lahore Campus, 54000, Islamabad, Pakistan
² Physics Department, State University of Tetovo, Ilinden Street nn, 1200, Tetovo, North Macedonia

^a abduljawad@cuilahore.edu.pk, jawadab181@yahoo.com

Received: 18 January 2022
Accepted: 25 June 2022
Published online: 30 July 2022

Abstract

We study the Hawking evaporation process of the exact black hole with nonlinear electrodynamics for positive and negative coupling constant . We provide a new perspective to study the thermodynamics of exact black hole through deflection angle formalism. We also evaluate the shadow images in the presence of deflection images for this black hole. Moreover, we consider the Gibbs energy optical dependence to investigate the Hawking-Page transition. We observe that evaporation rate depends upon and black hole evaporates more quickly for positive as compared to negative . For the case , the black hole’s lifetime become infinite, which makes the black hole a remnant and the third law of black hole thermodynamics holds in this scenario. We show that the thermal variations in the deflection angle can be used to determine the stable and unstable phases of the black hole. Our findings show that large and small phase transitions of black hole occur at a specific value of the deflection angle.

© The Author(s) 2022

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