https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10241-z
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Production of light (anti)nuclei in pp collisions at 
TeV
1
A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
2
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
3
Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
4
Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
5
Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
6
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
7
Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
8
Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
9
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
10
Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, USA
11
China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
12
Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
13
Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovakia
14
COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
15
Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
16
Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
17
Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
18
Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
19
Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
20
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
21
Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
22
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
23
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
24
Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
25
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
26
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
27
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padua, Italy
28
Dipartimento di Fisica e Nucleare e Teorica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
29
Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
30
Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
31
Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Sezione di Torino, Alessandria, Italy
32
Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
33
Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
34
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
35
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
36
Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
37
Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
38
Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
39
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
40
Fudan University, Shanghai, China
41
Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
42
Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
43
Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
44
Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
45
High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
46
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
47
Hochschule Worms, Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Worms, Germany
48
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
49
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
50
Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
51
Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
52
INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
53
INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
54
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
55
INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
56
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
57
INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padua, Italy
58
INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
59
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
60
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
61
Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
62
Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, The Netherlands
63
Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
64
Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
65
Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
66
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
67
Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
68
Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
69
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
70
Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
71
Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
72
iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
73
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
74
Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
75
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia
76
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
77
KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
78
Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis, Irène Joliot-Curie, Orsay, France
79
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
80
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
81
Division of Particle Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
82
Moscow Institute for Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
83
Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
84
Nara Women’s University (NWU), Nara, Japan
85
Department of Physics, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
86
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
87
National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
88
National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
89
National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
90
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
91
Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
92
NRC Kurchatov Institute IHEP, Protvino, Russia
93
NRC «Kurchatov»Institute-ITEP, Moscow, Russia
94
NRNU Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
95
Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK
96
Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic
97
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
98
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
99
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
100
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
101
Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
102
Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
103
Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
104
Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
105
Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
106
Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
107
Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
108
Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
109
Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia
110
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
111
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
112
Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
113
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
114
Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
115
SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
116
Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
117
Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
118
The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
119
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
120
Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
121
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
122
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
123
Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
124
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
125
University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
126
University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
127
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
128
University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
129
University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
130
University of South-Eastern Norway, Tonsberg, Norway
131
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
132
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
133
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
134
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
135
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
136
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
137
Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
138
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
139
Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Université Paris-Saclay Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Saclay, France
140
Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
141
Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
142
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
143
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
144
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
145
Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
146
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
147
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
148
Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
149
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy
150
Dipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
151
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia
152
Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
153
Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
154
University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
155
CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
Received:
15
December
2021
Accepted:
21
March
2022
Published online:
4
April
2022
The study of the production of nuclei and antinuclei in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. In this paper, the production of protons, deuterons and 
and their charge conjugates at midrapidity is studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at 
TeV using the ALICE detector. Within the uncertainties, the yields of nuclei in pp collisions at TeV are compatible with those in pp collisions at different energies and to those in p–Pb collisions when compared at similar multiplicities. The measurements are compared with the expectations of coalescence and Statistical Hadronisation Models. The results suggest a common formation mechanism behind the production of light nuclei in hadronic interactions and confirm that they do not depend on the collision energy but on the number of produced particles.
© The Author(s) 2022
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