Gravitational waves from colliding vacuum bubbles in gauge theories

Marek Lewicki; Ville Vaskonen

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09232-3

2024 Impact factor 4.8

Particles and Fields

Open Access

This article has an erratum: [https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09892-1]

Eur. Phys. J. C (2021) 81: 437
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09232-3

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Gravitational waves from colliding vacuum bubbles in gauge theories

Marek Lewicki¹ and Ville Vaskonen²^b

¹ Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
² Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

^b vvaskonen@ifae.es

Received: 5 March 2021
Accepted: 12 May 2021
Published online: 21 May 2021

Abstract

We study production of gravitational waves (GWs) in strongly supercooled cosmological phase transitions in gauge theories. We extract from two-bubble lattice simulations the scaling of the GW source, and use it in many-bubble simulations in the thin-wall limit to estimate the resulting GW spectrum. We find that in presence of the gauge field the GW source decays with bubble radius as $\propto R^{- 3}$ $\propto R^{-3}$ after collisions. This leads to a GW spectrum that follows $Ω_{GW} \propto ω^{2.3}$ $\Omega _{\mathrm{GW}} \propto \omega ^{2.3}$ at low frequencies and $Ω_{GW} \propto ω^{- 2.9}$ $\Omega _{\mathrm{GW}} \propto \omega ^{-2.9}$ at high frequencies, marking a significant deviation from the popular envelope approximation.

An erratum to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09892-1.

Erratum to this article: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09892-1

© The Author(s) 2021

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