Gravitational wave spectra from strongly supercooled phase transitions

Marek Lewicki; Ville Vaskonen

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08589-1

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2024 Impact factor 4.8

Particles and Fields

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. C (2020) 80: 1003
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08589-1

Regular Article – Theoretical Physics

Gravitational wave spectra from strongly supercooled phase transitions

Marek Lewicki¹^,2 and Ville Vaskonen¹^,3^b

¹ Physics Department, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK
² Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
³ NICPB, Rävala 10, 10143, Tallinn, Estonia

^b ville.vaskonen@kcl.ac.uk

Received: 16 July 2020
Accepted: 20 October 2020
Published online: 30 October 2020

Abstract

We study gravitational wave (GW) production in strongly supercooled cosmological phase transitions, taking particular care of models featuring a complex scalar field with a U(1) symmetric potential. We perform lattice simulations of two-bubble collisions to properly model the scalar field gradients, and compute the GW spectrum sourced by them using the thin-wall approximation in many-bubble simulations. We find that in the U(1) symmetric case the low-frequency spectrum is $\propto ω$ $\propto \omega$ whereas for a real scalar field it is $\propto ω^{3}$ $\propto \omega ^3$ . In both cases the spectrum decays as $ω^{- 2}$ $\omega ^{-2}$ at high frequencies.

© The Author(s) 2020

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