https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08777-z
Regular Article – Experimental Physics
Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment
1
Physics Department, Columbia University, 10027, New York, NY, USA
2
Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
3
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna and INFN-Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
4
Institut für Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
5
Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
6
Department of Physics, LIBPhys, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
7
Department of Physics, INAF-Astrophysical Observatory of Torino, University of Torino and INFN-Torino, 10125, Turin, Italy
8
Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
9
New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
10
Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
11
Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 12180, Troy, NY, USA
12
Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
13
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
14
Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”, University of Napoli and INFN-Napoli, 80126, Naples, Italy
15
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
16
Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
17
SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, 44307, Nantes, France
18
Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of L’Aquila, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
19
INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
20
LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
21
Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
22
Kamioka Observatory, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Higashi-Mozumi, Kamioka, 506-1205, Hida, Gifu, Japan
23
Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, and Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8602, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
24
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
25
Department of Physics, Kobe University, 657-8501, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
26
Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, 92093, La Jolla, CA, USA
27
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 77005, Houston, TX, USA
28
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
29
Simons Center for Geometry and Physics and C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY, USA
30
Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
31
Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
32
Coimbra Polytechnic - ISEC, Coimbra, Portugal
33
INFN, Sez. di Ferrara and Dip. di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via G. Saragat 1, Edificio C, I-44122, Ferrara (FE), Italy
dp
natascha.rupp@mpi-hd.mpg.de
ee
h.simgen@mpi-hd.mpg.de
Received:
1
October
2020
Accepted:
17
December
2020
Published online:
20
April
2021
The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of utmost importance for the success of low-energy rare event search experiments. Besides radioactive contaminants in the bulk, the emanation of radioactive radon atoms from material surfaces attains increasing relevance in the effort to further reduce the background of such experiments. In this work, we present the Rn emanation measurements performed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Together with the bulk impurity screening campaign, the results enabled us to select the radio-purest construction materials, targeting a Rn activity concentration of 
in 
of xenon. The knowledge of the distribution of the Rn sources allowed us to selectively eliminate problematic components in the course of the experiment. The predictions from the emanation measurements were compared to data of the Rn activity concentration in XENON1T. The final Rn activity concentration of 
in the target of XENON1T is the lowest ever achieved in a xenon dark matter experiment.
© The Author(s) 2021
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Funded by SCOAP3
