https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08482-x
Regular Article – Theoretical Physics
Gravitational theory of cosmology, galaxies and galaxy clusters
1
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, N2L 2Y5, Waterloo, ON, Canada
2
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, ON, Canada
a
jmoffat@perimeterinstitute.ca
Received:
15
April
2020
Accepted:
16
September
2020
Published online:
1
October
2020
A modified gravitational theory explains early universe and late time cosmology, galaxy and galaxy cluster dynamics. The modified gravity (MOG) theory extends general relativity (GR) by three extra degrees of freedom: a scalar field G, enhancing the strength of the Newtonian gravitational constant 
, a gravitational, spin 1 vector graviton field 
, and the effective mass 
of the ultralight spin 1 graviton. For 
, where 
denotes the time of recombination and re-ionization, the density of the vector graviton 
, where 
is the density of baryons, while for 
we have 
. The matter density is parameterized by 
where 
. For the cosmological parameter values obtained by the Planck Collaboration, the CMB acoustical oscillation power spectrum, polarization and lensing data can be fitted as in the 
CDM model. When the baryon density dominates the late time universe, MOG explains galaxy rotation curves, the dynamics of galaxy clusters, galaxy lensing and the galaxy clusters matter power spectrum without dominant dark matter.
© The Author(s) 2020. corrected publication 2020
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