Beam steering performance of bent silicon crystals irradiated with high-intensity and high-energy protons

W. Scandale; M. Calviani; M. D’Andrea; L. S. Esposito; M. Garattini; S. Gilardoni; S. Montesano; A. Natochii; R. Rossi; G. I. Smirnov; C. L. Torregrosa Martin; V. Zhovkovska; E. Bagli; L. Bandiera; V. Guidi; A. Mazzolari; M. Romagnoni; F. Murtas; F. Galluccio; F. Addesa; F. Iacoangeli; A. D. Kovalenko; A. M. Taratin; Yu. A. Gavrikov; Yu. M. Ivanov; M. A. Koznov; M. V. Malkov; L. G. Malyarenko; I. G. Mamunct; J. Borg; T. James; G. Hall; M. Pesaresi

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7448-2

2023 Impact factor 4.2

Particles and Fields

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79: 933
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7448-2

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Beam steering performance of bent silicon crystals irradiated with high-intensity and high-energy protons

W. Scandale¹, M. Calviani¹, M. D’Andrea¹, L. S. Esposito¹, M. Garattini¹^,2^*, S. Gilardoni¹, S. Montesano¹, A. Natochii¹^,3^,4, R. Rossi¹, G. I. Smirnov¹^,5, C. L. Torregrosa Martin¹, V. Zhovkovska¹^,4, E. Bagli⁶, L. Bandiera⁶, V. Guidi⁶, A. Mazzolari⁶, M. Romagnoni⁶, F. Murtas⁷, F. Galluccio⁸, F. Addesa⁹, F. Iacoangeli⁹, A. D. Kovalenko⁵, A. M. Taratin⁵, Yu. A. Gavrikov¹⁰, Yu. M. Ivanov¹⁰, M. A. Koznov¹⁰, M. V. Malkov¹⁰, L. G. Malyarenko¹⁰, I. G. Mamunct¹⁰, J. Borg², T. James², G. Hall² and M. Pesaresi²

¹ CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
² Imperial College, London, UK
³ Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris Sud Orsay, Orsay, France
⁴ Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (TSNUK), Kyiv, Ukraine
⁵ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Russia
⁶ INFN Sezione di Ferrara and dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universita di Ferrara, Via Sarogat 1 Blocco C, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
⁷ INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Fermi, 40, 00044, Frascati (Rome), Italy
⁸ INFN Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
⁹ INFN Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
¹⁰ Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute in National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300, Gatchina, Russia

^* e-mail: marco.garattini@cern.ch

Received: 24 September 2019
Accepted: 31 October 2019
Published online: 16 November 2019

Abstract

Beam steering performance of bent silicon crystals irradiated with high-intensity and high-energy protons has been studied. In particular, crystals of the type used for collimation and extraction purposes in the Large Hadron Collider and the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN have been irradiated at the HiRadMat CERN facility with $2.5 \times 10^{13}$ 440 GeV/c protons, with a pulse length of 7.2 $\mathrm{\mu}$ s. The purpose is to study possible changes in bending angle and channeling efficiency due to thermo-mechanical stresses in case of accidental irradiation during accelerator operations. A comparison between measurements performed before and after the irradiation does not show any appreciable performance reduction in either crystal.