Eur. Phys. J. C (2014) 74: 2932
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2932-1

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Spontaneous parity violation under extreme conditions: an effective lagrangian analysis

¹ V.A. Fock Department of Theoretical Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, ul. Ulianovskaya, 1, 198504 , St. Petersburg, Russia
² Departament dEstructura i Constituents de la Matéria and Institut de Ciéncies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès, 1, 08028 , Barcelona, Spain

^* e-mail: andrianov@icc.ub.edu

Received: 10 April 2014
Accepted: 4 June 2014
Published online: 24 June 2014

Abstract

We investigate how large baryon densities (and possibly high temperatures) may induce spontaneous parity violation in the composite meson sector of vector-like gauge theory (presumably QCD or techni-QCD). The analysis at intermediate energy scales is done by using an extended -model lagrangian that includes two scalar and two pseudoscalar multiplets and fulfills low-energy constraints for vector-like gauge theories. We elaborate on a novel mechanism of parity breaking based on the interplay between lightest and heavier meson condensates, which therefore cannot be realized in the simplest model. The results are relevant for idealized homogeneous and infinite nuclear (quark or techniquark) matter where the influence of the density can be examined with the help of a constant chemical potential. The model is able to describe satisfactorily the first-order phase transition to stable nuclear matter, and it predicts a second-order phase transition to a state where parity is spontaneously broken. We argue that the parity breaking phenomenon is quite generic when a large enough chemical potential is present. Current quark masses are explicitly taken into account in this work and shown not to change the general conclusions.