Eur. Phys. J. C (2005) 42: 325-329
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2005-02314-x
U(1)
Q
invariance and
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2005-02314-x
Theoretical Physics
U(1)
Q
invariance and 
models with 
arbitrary
1
Department of Theoretical Physics, Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
2
Institute of Physics, VAST, P.O. Box 429 Bo Ho, 10000, Hanoi, Vietnam
Using U(1)
Q
invariance, the photon eigenstate and the matching gauge coupling constants in 
models with arbitrary are given. The mass matrix of the neutral gauge bosons is exactly diagonalized, and the photon eigenstate is independent on the symmetry breaking parameters - the VEVs of the Higgs scalars. By obtaining the electromagnetic vertex, the model is embedded naturally into the standard model.
© Springer-Verlag, 2005
