Scaling of particle and transverse energy production in $^{208}$Pb + $^{208}$Pb collisions at 158$\cdot A$ GeV

The WA98 Collaboration M.M. Aggarwal; A. Agnihotri; Z. Ahammed; A.L.S. Angelis; V. Antonenko; V. Arefiev; V. Astakhov; V. Avdeitchikov; T.C. Awes; P.V.K.S. Baba; S.K. Badyal; A. Baldine; L. Barabach; C. Barlag; S. Bathe; B. Batiounia; T. Bernier; K.B. Bhalla; V.S. Bhatia; C. Blume; E.-M. Bohne; Z.K. Böröcz; D. Bucher; A. Buijs; H. Büsching; L. Carlen; V. Chalyshev; S. Chattopadhyay; R. Cherbatchev; T. Chujo; A. Claussen; A.C. Das; M.P. Decowski; H. Delagrange; V. Djordjadze; P. Donni; I. Doubovik; S. Dutt; M.R. Dutta Majumdar; K. El Chenawi; S. Eliseev; K. Enosawa; P. Foka; S. Fokin; V. Frolov; M.S. Ganti; S. Garpman; O. Gavrishchuk; F.J.M. Geurts; T.K. Ghosh; R. Glasow; S. K.Gupta; B. Guskov; H. Å.Gustafsson; H. H.Gutbrod; R. Higuchi; I. Hrivnacova; M. Ippolitov; H. Kalechofsky; R. Kamermans; K.-H. Kampert; K. Karadjev; K. Karpio; S. Kato; S. Kees; H. Kim; B. W. Kolb; I. Kosarev; I. Koutcheryaev; T. Krümpel; A. Kugler; P. Kulinich; M. Kurata; K. Kurita; N. Kuzmin; I. Langbein; A. Lebedev; Y.Y. Lee; H. Löhner; L. Luquin; D.P. Mahapatra; V. Manko; M. Martin; G. Martínez; A. Maximov; R. Mehdiyev; G. Mgebrichvili; Y. Miake; D. Mikhalev; Md.F. Mir; G.C. Mishra; Y. Miyamoto; B. Mohanty; M. J. Mora; D. Morrison; D. S. Mukhopadhyay; V. Myalkovski; H. Naef; B. K. Nandi; S. K. Nayak; T. K. Nayak; S. Neumaier; A. Nianine; V. Nikitine; S. Nikolaev; P. Nilsson; S. Nishimura; P. Nomokonov; J. Nystrand; F.E. Obenshain; A. Oskarsson; I. Otterlund; M. Pachr; A. Parfenov; S. Pavliouk; T. Peitzmann; V. Petracek; F. Plasil; W. Pinganaud; M.L. Purschke; B. Raeven; J. Rak; R. Raniwala; S. Raniwala; V.S. Ramamurthy; N.K. Rao; F. Retiere; K. Reygers; G. Roland; L. Rosselet; I. Roufanov; C. Roy; J.M. Rubio; H. Sako; S.S. Sambyal; R. Santo; S. Sato; H. Schlagheck; H.-R. Schmidt; Y. Schutz; G. Shabratova; T.H. Shah; I. Sibiriak; T. Siemiarczuk; D. Silvermyr; B.C. Sinha; N. Slavine; K. Söderström; N. Solomey; S.P. Sørensen; P. Stankus; G. Stefanek; P. Steinberg; E. Stenlund; D. Stüken; M. Sumbera; T. Svensson; M.D. Trivedi; A. Tsvetkov; L. Tykarski; J. Urbahn; E.C.v.d. Pijll; N.v. Eijndhoven; G.J.v. Nieuwenhuizen; A. Vinogradov; Y.P. Viyogi; A. Vodopianov; S. Vörös; B. Wysłouch; K. Yagi; Y. Yokota; G.R. Young

doi:doi:10.1007/s100520100578

2021 Impact factor 4.991

Particles and Fields

Eur. Phys. J. C 18, 651-663
DOI: 10.1007/s100520100578

Scaling of particle and transverse energy production in ²⁰⁸Pb + ²⁰⁸Pb collisions at 158 $\cdot A$ GeV

The WA98 Collaboration M.M. Aggarwal¹, A. Agnihotri², Z. Ahammed³, A.L.S. Angelis⁴, V. Antonenko⁵, V. Arefiev⁶, V. Astakhov⁶, V. Avdeitchikov⁶, T.C. Awes⁷, P.V.K.S. Baba⁸, S.K. Badyal⁸, A. Baldine⁶, L. Barabach⁶, C. Barlag⁹, S. Bathe⁹, B. Batiounia⁶, T. Bernier¹⁰, K.B. Bhalla², V.S. Bhatia¹, C. Blume⁹, E.-M. Bohne⁹, Z.K. Böröcz⁹, D. Bucher⁹, A. Buijs¹¹, H. Büsching⁹, L. Carlen¹², V. Chalyshev⁶, S. Chattopadhyay³, R. Cherbatchev⁵, T. Chujo¹³, A. Claussen⁹, A.C. Das³, M.P. Decowski¹⁴, H. Delagrange¹⁰, V. Djordjadze⁶, P. Donni⁴, I. Doubovik⁵, S. Dutt⁸, M.R. Dutta Majumdar³, K. El Chenawi¹², S. Eliseev¹⁵, K. Enosawa¹³, P. Foka⁴, S. Fokin⁵, V. Frolov⁶, M.S. Ganti³, S. Garpman¹², O. Gavrishchuk⁶, F.J.M. Geurts¹¹, T.K. Ghosh¹⁶, R. Glasow⁹, S. K.Gupta², B. Guskov⁶, H. Å.Gustafsson¹², H. H.Gutbrod¹⁰, R. Higuchi¹³, I. Hrivnacova¹⁵, M. Ippolitov⁵, H. Kalechofsky⁴, R. Kamermans¹¹, K.-H. Kampert⁹, K. Karadjev⁵, K. Karpio¹⁷, S. Kato¹³, S. Kees⁹, H. Kim⁷, B. W. Kolb¹⁸, I. Kosarev⁶, I. Koutcheryaev⁵, T. Krümpel⁹, A. Kugler¹⁵, P. Kulinich¹⁴, M. Kurata¹³, K. Kurita¹³, N. Kuzmin⁶, I. Langbein¹⁸, A. Lebedev⁵, Y.Y. Lee¹⁸, H. Löhner¹⁶, L. Luquin¹⁰, D.P. Mahapatra¹⁹, V. Manko⁵, M. Martin⁴, G. Martínez¹⁰, A. Maximov⁶, R. Mehdiyev⁶, G. Mgebrichvili⁵, Y. Miake¹³, D. Mikhalev⁶, Md.F. Mir⁸, G.C. Mishra¹⁹, Y. Miyamoto¹³, B. Mohanty¹⁹, M. J. Mora¹⁰, D. Morrison²⁰, D. S. Mukhopadhyay³, V. Myalkovski⁶, H. Naef⁴, B. K. Nandi¹⁹, S. K. Nayak¹⁰, T. K. Nayak³, S. Neumaier¹⁸, A. Nianine⁵, V. Nikitine⁶, S. Nikolaev⁶, P. Nilsson¹², S. Nishimura¹³, P. Nomokonov⁶, J. Nystrand¹², F.E. Obenshain²⁰, A. Oskarsson¹², I. Otterlund¹², M. Pachr¹⁵, A. Parfenov⁶, S. Pavliouk⁶, T. Peitzmann⁹, V. Petracek¹⁵, F. Plasil⁷, W. Pinganaud¹⁰, M.L. Purschke¹⁸, B. Raeven¹¹, J. Rak¹⁵, R. Raniwala², S. Raniwala², V.S. Ramamurthy¹⁹, N.K. Rao⁸, F. Retiere¹⁰, K. Reygers⁹, G. Roland¹⁴, L. Rosselet⁴, I. Roufanov⁶, C. Roy¹⁰, J.M. Rubio⁴, H. Sako¹³, S.S. Sambyal⁸, R. Santo⁹, S. Sato¹³, H. Schlagheck⁹, H.-R. Schmidt¹⁸, Y. Schutz¹⁰, G. Shabratova⁶, T.H. Shah⁸, I. Sibiriak⁵, T. Siemiarczuk¹⁷, D. Silvermyr¹², B.C. Sinha³, N. Slavine⁶, K. Söderström¹², N. Solomey⁴, S.P. Sørensen^{7, 20}, P. Stankus⁷, G. Stefanek¹⁷, P. Steinberg¹⁴, E. Stenlund¹², D. Stüken⁹, M. Sumbera¹⁵, T. Svensson¹², M.D. Trivedi³, A. Tsvetkov⁵, L. Tykarski¹⁷, J. Urbahn¹⁸, E.C.v.d. Pijll¹¹, N.v. Eijndhoven¹¹, G.J.v. Nieuwenhuizen¹⁴, A. Vinogradov⁵, Y.P. Viyogi³, A. Vodopianov⁶, S. Vörös⁴, B. Wyslouch¹⁴, K. Yagi¹³, Y. Yokota¹³ and G.R. Young⁷

¹ University of Panjab, Chandigarh 160014, India
² University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India
³ Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Calcutta 700 064, India
⁴ University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
⁵ RRC "Kurchatov Institute", 123182 Moscow, Russia
⁶ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
⁷ Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6372, USA
⁸ University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
⁹ University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
¹⁰ SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines, Nantes, France
¹¹ Universiteit Utrecht/NIKHEF, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
¹² Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
¹³ University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
¹⁴ MIT Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
¹⁵ Nuclear Physics Institute, 250 68 Rez, Czech Rep.
¹⁶ KVI, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
¹⁷ Institute for Nuclear Studies, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
¹⁸ Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), 64220 Darmstadt, Germany
¹⁹ Institute of Physics, 751-005 Bhubaneswar, India
²⁰ University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA

(Received: 8 August 2000 / Revised version: 5 December 2000 / Published online: 5 February 2001 -© Springer-Verlag 2001)

Abstract
Transverse energy, charged particle pseudorapidity distributions and photon transverse momentum spectra have been studied as a function of the number of participants (N_part) and the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions (N_coll) in 158 $\cdot A$ GeV Pb+Pb collisions over a wide impact parameter range. A scaling of the transverse energy pseudorapidity density at midrapidity as $\sim N_{part}^{1.08 \pm 0.06}$ and $\sim N_{coll}^{0.83 \pm 0.05}$ is observed. For the charged particle pseudorapidity density at midrapidity we find a scaling as $\sim N_{part}^{1.07 \pm 0.04}$ and $\sim N_{coll}^{0.82 \pm 0.03}$ . This faster than linear scaling with N_part indicates a violation of the naive Wounded Nucleon Model.