https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14567-2
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Rotating scalarized supermassive black holes
1
Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
2
School of Mathematical Sciences, Qufu Normal University, 273165, Qufu, Shandong, China
3
Department of Physics and Siyuan Laboratory, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
Received:
28
May
2025
Accepted:
18
July
2025
Published online:
2
August
2025
In this study, we investigate rotating black hole solutions within a scalar-Gauss–Bonnet gravity framework that incorporates a squared Gauss–Bonnet term. By employing a quadratic–exponential coupling function between the scalar field and the Gauss–Bonnet invariant, we derive both the standard General Relativity solutions and novel scalarized black hole configurations. Utilizing a pseudo-spectral method to solve the coupled field equations, we examine how black hole spin and coupling constants influence the existence and properties of these solutions. Our findings reveal that both the rotation of the black hole and the squared coupling term effectively constrain the parameter space available for scalarization. Moreover, we demonstrate that, over a wide range of parameters, scalarized black holes exhibit higher entropy than Kerr black holes of equivalent mass and spin, indicating that they are thermodynamically favored. These results significantly expand the phase space of black holes in modified gravity theories.
© The Author(s) 2025
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Funded by SCOAP3.
