https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14565-4
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Sharing quantum nonlocality under Hawking effect of a Schwarzschild black hole
1
School of Mathematics, North University of China, 030051, Taiyuan, China
2
College of Mathematics, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024, Taiyuan, China
Received:
13
May
2025
Accepted:
18
July
2025
Published online:
7
August
2025
Sharing nonlocality refers to whether the postmeasurement state in a Bell test can be reused to demonstrate nonlocality among multiple observers conducting sequential measurements. It has become one of fascinating and challenging topics in the past decade. In this study, we shift the nonlocality sharing scenario to near the Schwarzschild black hole to explore how Hawking radiation affects sequential nonlocality sharing. In the ideal case without Hawking radiation, Alice and Bob share a maximally entangled pure state. Bob measures his half and then passes it to a second Bob, who repeats the measurement process, and so on. Previous studies have shown that Bob can perform an infinite number of measurements to achieve nonlocality sharing with Alice. If only Alice or Bob is affected by Hawking radiation, the number of shares becomes finite and depends on the Hawking temperature. Unfortunately, when both are exposed to Hawking radiation, sharing nonlocality becomes nearly impossible. However, we can overcome this limitation by introducing auxiliary entangled sources. By adding several observers sharing an entangled state with Alice, we form a star network. Our results indicate that with these auxiliary sources, sequential network nonlocality sharing is achievable within this star network.
© The Author(s) 2025
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