https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14498-y
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Generalized nonextensive entropy holographic dark energy models verified by cosmological data
1
Institute of Physics, University of Szczecin, Wielkopolska 15, 70-451, Szczecin, Poland
2
National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
3
Copernicus Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, Szczepańska 1/5, 31-011, Kraków, Poland
a
mariusz.dabrowski@usz.edu.pl
Received:
5
May
2025
Accepted:
4
July
2025
Published online:
16
July
2025
We present a general formalism for studying generalized Holographic Dark Energy (HDE) models in which we use a dimensionless form of the area-entropy of cosmological horizons. The future event horizon is applied though the formalism can also be applied to any other type of the horizon, too. Then, we use our formalism for nonextensive horizon entropies of standard HDE (i.e. Bekenstein–Hawking), and generalized such as Barrow/Tsallis–Cirto, Rényi, Sharma–Mittal, and Kaniadakis as dark energy models of the universe and test them by cosmological data. We find the bounds on the specific entropy model parameters and also apply statistical comparison tool such as the Bayesian evidence criterion in order to favour or disfavour the models against standard 
CDM. The main data test results are that all the HDE models under study are statistically disfavoured with respect to CDM, though at some different levels. The standard HDE seem to be on the same footing as Rényi, Sharma–Mittal, and Kaniadakis HDE models since the latter include only small deviations from HDE model resulting from the series expansion of their extra nonextensivity parameters. However, Barrow and Tsallis–Cirto models, though still disfavoured against CDM, seem to point out observationally to fulfil an important physical property of extensivity (though still remaining nonadditive). Finally, the Tsallis–Cirto model parameter is pointing towards the CDM limit which is singular also at the expense of having much larger value of the holographic dark energy dimensionless parameter k value higher than other models.
© The Author(s) 2025
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