https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14458-6
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Effect of gravitational cracking on energy exchange in relativistic fluids: a first approach
1
Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), 060155, Riobamba, Ecuador
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Lahore, 1-KM Defence Road, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Research Center of Astrophysics and Cosmology, Khazar University, 41 Mehseti Street, AZ1096, Baku, Azerbaijan
a
julio.andrade@espoch.edu.ec
b tayyab.naseer@math.uol.edu.pk, tayyab.naseer@khazar.org, tayyabnaseer48@yahoo.com
Received:
27
May
2025
Accepted:
21
June
2025
Published online:
1
July
2025
This work explores the impact of gravitational cracking on energy exchange within a self-gravitating sphere. For such a purpose, we use the isotropic extension of Einstein’s universe solution, modified through gravitational decoupling using extended minimal geometric deformation, which previously exhibited notable energy exchange behavior between its fluid components. This study bridges two critical concepts in the analysis of static self-gravitating spheres within the framework of General Relativity, traditionally examined independently. Our findings indicate that the onset of fractures markedly influences the energy exchange that sustains the sphere. Compared to a system in hydrostatic equilibrium, gravitational cracking significantly accelerates this exchange, occurring inwardly in the inner regions and outwardly in the outer regions of the disturbed system. Notably, the energy exchange intensifies in the outer regions, becoming more pronounced as the relativistic fluids gain energy density.
© The Author(s) 2025
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