https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14416-2
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Thermodynamics-gravity conjecture in the context of cosmography: observational constraints and potential deviations
Department of Physics, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65178, Hamedan, Iran
Received:
12
March
2025
Accepted:
10
June
2025
Published online:
25
June
2025
In this work, we impose observational constraints on the thermodynamics-gravity conjecture, based on the modified Tsallis entropy, known as Tsallis cosmology, within the context of the Cosmographic approach. We utilize the latest observational datasets from DESI BAO 2024 and the PantheonPlus sample of SNIa. For comparison, we conduct our analysis using the standard flat-
CDM cosmology as the concordance model. Our cosmographic analysis reveals that both models exhibit good consistency with observations when utilizing the DESI BAO dataset and the PantheonPlus SNIa sample. Additionally, the combination of DESI BAO and PantheonPlus observations demonstrates full consistency between the models and the Cosmographic approach, provided there is no external prior on the sound horizon of baryons at the drag epoch, 
. When incorporating the Planck prior on , our analysis supports notable deviations of the Tsallis and CDM models from the confidence bands of the Cosmographic approach. These deviations can be directly related to this physical fact that cosmological models like Tsallis and CDM can not fit the low-redshift SNIa data calibrated by Cepheid observations and DESI BAO observations with an external high-redshift CMB prior on , simultaneously.
© The Author(s) 2025
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