https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14392-7
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Reconstructions of Einstein–Aether gravity from barrow agegraphic and new barrow agegraphic dark energy models: examinations and observational limits
1
Department of Physics, Sister Nivedita University, DG Block (Newtown) 1/2, Action Area I, 700156, Kolkata, India
2
Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, 711103, Howrah, India
a
tamalmukhopadhyay7@gmail.com
Received:
27
October
2024
Accepted:
3
June
2025
Published online:
11
June
2025
We present a comprehensive investigation exploring the theoretical framework of Einstein–Aether gravity theory when combined with two modified cosmological paradigms: the Barrow Agegraphic Dark Energy (BADE) and its newer variant, the New Barrow Agegraphic Dark Energy (NBADE). Our study focuses on reconstructing the functional form of the Einstein–Aether Lagrangian component F(K) from these phenomenological dark energy models. Model parameters are constrained using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach based on multiple datasets, including cosmic chronometers (CC), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and the Pantheon+SH0ES compilation. Using best-fit parameters, we analyze various cosmological diagnostics: Hubble and deceleration parameter evolution, dark energy equation of state (
), density parameter trajectories, 
– phase space behavior, statefinder diagnostics 
and (r, q), and Om(z) trajectories. Both models exhibit late-time acceleration, with the dark energy sector showing a quintessence-like nature in the current epoch and evolving toward a phantom regime in the future. Stability analysis based on the squared sound speed (
) highlights partial epoch-dependent stability. While our results demonstrate reasonable agreement with observational data and reveal physically plausible dynamics, the models do not yet offer a fundamentally superior alternative to other dark energy reconstructions. Nonetheless, their behavior under modified entropy assumptions and their flexibility in dynamical diagnostics provide a useful framework for probing non-standard extensions of Einstein–Aether gravity and dark energy phenomenology.
© The Author(s) 2025
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Funded by SCOAP3.
