https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14252-4
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Boson stars and their frozen states in an infinite tower of higher-derivative gravity
1
Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, and Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
2
Research Center for Quantum Physics and Materials, Nantong University, 226019, Nantong, China
Received:
25
February
2025
Accepted:
30
April
2025
Published online:
15
May
2025
In this paper, we present a solution for a five-dimensional boson star under gravity with infinite tower of higher-curvature corrections. We discover that when the coupling constant exceeds a certain threshold, an alternative configuration emerges, distinct from the conventional five-dimensional boson star. This new structure is characterized by a broader frequency range, with a minimum value approaching zero. At a truncation of second-derivative correction term, the solution and its scalar curvature diverge as the frequency approaches zero. However, as the order of higher-curvature corrections increases, the singularity at the center vanishes, resulting in a globally regular solution. Additionally, as the frequency approaches zero, the scalar field’s radial distribution becomes concentrated within the critical radius 
, forming what we term a “frozen star”. Beyond this radius, the metric of the frozen star almost degenerates into that of an extreme black hole. The solutions for such frozen stars offer a new avenue for exploring the mysterious interiors of compact objects, enhancing our understanding of the internal structure of black holes under semi-classical conditions and potentially addressing the series of paradoxes associated with information loss due to singularities and horizons.
© The Author(s) 2025
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