Searching for cosmic-time variation in the gravitational constant with strongest Werner transitions

T. D. Le

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13986-5

2023 Impact factor 4.2

Particles and Fields

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. C (2025) 85: 254
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13986-5

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Searching for cosmic-time variation in the gravitational constant with strongest $H_{2}$ $\text {H}_2$ Werner transitions

T. D. Le¹^,2^a

¹ Division of Applied Physics, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Vietnam
² Faculty of Engineering, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa City, Vietnam

^a leducthong@dntu.edu.vn

Received: 28 July 2024
Accepted: 22 February 2025
Published online: 10 March 2025

Abstract

Probing changes in fundamental physics constants over cosmological space-time is a significant area in both theoretical and experimental physics. An effective method for probing these variations is to compare laboratory measurements with astrophysical data. In this study, we utilize a combination of laboratory data and observed Werner transitions of $H_{2}$ $\text {H}_2$ in the white dwarf star GD29-38. Our analysis reveals that the temporal variation of the gravitational constant is $\dot{G} / G = (0.014 \pm 0.096) \times 10^{- 15} {year}^{- 1}$ $\dot{G}/G = (0.014 \pm 0.096) \times 10^{-15} \, \text {year}^{-1}$ , with a gravitational potential of $ϕ \approx 1.9 \times 10^{4}$ $\phi \approx 1.9 \times 10^4$ and an average total redshift of $H_{2}$ $\text {H}_2$ of $z_{abs} = 0.0001360 (8)$ $z_{\text {abs}} = 0.0001360(8)$ . This newly established constraint on the time variation of $G$ $$G$$ plays a crucial role in enhancing discussions within unified theories.

© The Author(s) 2025

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