Unitarity implications of and models with Lorentz invariance violation in

Alessio T. B. Celeste; Adriano M. Santos

doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13913-8

2023 Impact factor 4.2

Particles and Fields

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. C (2025) 85: 223
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13913-8

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Unitarity implications of ${\tilde{F}}_{μ ν}$ $\tilde{F}_{\mu \nu }$ and $F_{μ ν}$ $F_{\mu \nu }$ models with Lorentz invariance violation in $e^{+} e^{-} \to μ^{+} μ^{-}$ $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow \mu ^{+}\mu ^{-}$

Alessio T. B. Celeste¹^a and Adriano M. Santos²

¹ Instituto Federal da Paraíba, Campus Itaporanga, PB-386, Km 2, 58780-000, Itaporanga, PB, Brazil
² Programa de Pós-graduação em Física, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus Universitário do Bacanga, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil

^a alessio.tony@ifpb.edu.br

Received: 5 August 2024
Accepted: 7 February 2025
Published online: 4 March 2025

Abstract

We studied two different models that included Lorentz Invariance Violation coupling in the scattering processes of $e^{+} e^{-} \to μ^{+} μ^{-}$ $e^+e^- \rightarrow \mu ^+\mu ^-$ . We found that using the model with the dual electromagnetic tensor ${\tilde{F}}_{μ ν}$ $\tilde{F}_{\mu \nu }$ resulted in violations of unitarity in both vector and axial scenarios. On the other hand, using the model with nonminimal coupling with $F_{μ ν}$ $F_{\mu \nu }$ preserved unitarity in both vector and axial cases. As a result, this could have significant implications, given that the nonminimal coupling model with the dual electromagnetic tensor ${\tilde{F}}_{μ ν}$ $\tilde{F}_{\mu \nu }$ appeared to be potentially superior to the electromagnetic tensor $F_{μ ν}$ $F_{\mu \nu }$ . Therefore, we believe that these findings could provide a valuable guide for further exploration into the study of CPT and Lorentz breaking phenomena, with significant implications that are certainly nontrivial.

© The Author(s) 2025

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