https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13770-5
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Vortical waves in a quantum fluid with vector, axial and helical charges. II. Dissipative effects
1
Department of Physics, West University of Timişoara, Bd. Vasile Pârvan 4, 300223, Timisoara, Romania
2
Institut Denis Poisson, CNRS UMR 7013, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
a
victor.ambrus@e-uvt.ro
b
maxim.chernodub@univ-tours.fr
Received:
5
August
2024
Accepted:
30
December
2024
Published online:
27
January
2025
In this paper, we consider the effect of interactions on the local, average polarization of a quantum plasma of massless fermion particles characterized by vector, axial, and helical quantum numbers. Due to the helical and axial vortical effects, perturbations in the vector charge in a rotating plasma can lead to chiral and helical charge transfer along the direction of the vorticity vector. At the same time, interactions between the plasma constituents lead to the dissipation of the helical charge through helicity-violating pair annihilation (HVPA) processes and of the axial charge through the axial anomaly. We will discuss separately a QED-like plasma, in which we ignore background electromagnetic fields and thus the axial charge is approximately conserved, as well as a QCD-like plasma, where instanton effects lead to the violation of the axial charge conservation, even in the absence of background chromomagnetic fields. The non-conservation of helicity and chirality leads to a gapping of the Helical, Axial, and mixed Axial-Helical vortical waves that prevents their infrared modes from propagating. On the other hand, usual dissipative effects, such as charge diffusion, lead to significant damping of ultraviolet modes. We end this paper with a discussion of the regimes where these vortical waves may propagate.
© The Author(s) 2025
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