https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13485-z
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Phantom BTZ black holes
1
Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, P. O. Box 47416-95447, Babolsar, Iran
2
Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Abaetetuba, 68440-000, Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil
3
Faculdade de Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Received:
22
September
2024
Accepted:
10
October
2024
Published online:
29
October
2024
Motivated by the impact of the phantom field (or anti-Maxwell field) on the structure of three-dimensional black holes in the presence of the cosmological constant, we present the first extraction of solutions for the phantom BTZ (A)dS black hole. In this study, we analyze the effect of the phantom field on the horizon structure. Furthermore, we compare the BTZ black holes in the presence of both the phantom and Maxwell fields. Additionally, we calculate the conserved and thermodynamic quantities of the phantom BTZ black holes, demonstrating their compliance with the first law of thermodynamics. Subsequently, we assess the effects of the electrical charge and the cosmological constant on the local stability in the canonical ensemble by considering these fields with respect to the heat capacity. We then investigate the global stability area of the BTZ black holes with phantom and Maxwell fields within the grand canonical ensemble using Gibbs free energy. In this analysis, we evaluate the influence of the electrical charge and the cosmological constant on this area.
© The Author(s) 2024
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Funded by SCOAP3.
