https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13004-0
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Generation of the CMB cosmic birefringence through axion-like particles, sterile and active neutrinos
1
Physics Department, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454, Shiraz, Iran
2
School of Astronomy, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), PO BOX 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Physics Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran
4
Universit de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, CNRS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
5
ICRANet and Department of Physics, University of Rome“Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
Received:
21
April
2024
Accepted:
8
June
2024
Published online:
20
June
2024
The cosmic birefringence (CB) angle refers to the rotation of the linear polarization plane of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiations when parity-violating theories are considered. We analyzed the Quantum Boltzmann equation for an ensemble of CMB photons interacting with the right-handed sterile neutrino dark matter (DM) and axion-like particles (ALPs) DM in the presence of the scalar metric perturbation. We used the birefringence angle of CMB to study those probable candidates of DM. It is shown that the CB angle contribution of sterile neutrino is much less that two other sources considered here. Next, we combined the results of the cosmic neutrinos’ contribution and the contribution of the ALPs to producing the CMB birefringence and discussed the uncertainty on the parameter space of axions caused by the share of CMB-cosmic neutrino interaction in generating this effect. Finally, we plotted the EB power spectrum of the CMB and showed that this spectrum behaves differently in the presence of cosmic neutrinos and ALPs interactions in small l. Hence, future observed data for 
will help us to distinguish the CB angle value due to the various sources of its production.
© The Author(s) 2024
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Funded by SCOAP3.
